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Sleep.
Mobiles linked to
disturbed sleep Using a mobile phone before going
to bed could stop you getting a decent night's sleep, research suggests.
For the latest wireless safety news updates visit;
http://www.microwavenews.com/
http://emr-safety.blogspot.com/
Robert O. Becker M.D. (1923 - 2008) The father of modern electromedicine and first vocal advocate against electropollution.
Are You Allergic to Wireless Internet? Electromagnetic Hypersensitivity Syndrome (EHS) is a condition in which people are highly sensitive to electromagnetic fields. In an area such as a wireless hotspot, they experience pain, muscle twitch or other symptoms.
CELL PHONE HAZARDS - THE EVIDENCE IS IN: By William Thomas
P Eleuteri AM et al, (2009) 50
Hz extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields enhance protein
carbonyl groups content in cancer cells: effects on proteasomal
systems, J Biomed Biotechnol. 2009;2009:834239. Epub 2009 Aug 5
[View Comments and
Links<http://www.powerwatch.org.uk/news/20100331_science_update.asp#>]
[View on Pubmed<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19672456>]
Electromagnetic fields are an assessed cause of prolonging free
radicals lifespan. This study was carried out to investigate the
influence of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on
protein oxidation and on the 20S proteasome functionality, the
complex responsible for the degradation of oxidized proteins. Caco
2 cells were exposed, for 24-72 hours, to 1 mT, 50 Hz electromagnetic
fields. The treatment induced a time-dependent increase both in
cell growth and in protein oxidation, more evident in the presence
of TPA, while no changes in cell viability were detected. Exposing
the cells to 50 Hz electromagnetic fields caused a global activation
of the 20S proteasome catalytic components, particularly evident
at 72 hours exposure and in the presence of TPA. The finding that
EGCG, a natural antioxidant compound, counteracted the field-related
pro-oxidant effects demonstrates that the increased proteasome
activity was due to an enhancement in intracellular free radicals.
This is a relatively high magnetic field exposure, certainly a few
orders of magnitude higher than the general public will ever be
exposed to in daily life, but it's also supportive evidence of
biological effects of ELF electromagnetic fields below ICNIRP
guidance levels.
For the latest wireless safety news updates visit;
http://www.microwavenews.com/
http://emr-safety.blogspot.com/
Robert O. Becker M.D. (1923 - 2008) The father of modern electromedicine and first vocal advocate against electropollution.
Are You Allergic to Wireless Internet? Electromagnetic Hypersensitivity Syndrome (EHS) is a condition in which people are highly sensitive to electromagnetic fields. In an area such as a wireless hotspot, they experience pain, muscle twitch or other symptoms.
CELL PHONE HAZARDS - THE EVIDENCE IS IN: By William Thomas
P Eleuteri AM et al, (2009) 50
Hz extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields enhance protein
carbonyl groups content in cancer cells: effects on proteasomal
systems, J Biomed Biotechnol. 2009;2009:834239. Epub 2009 Aug 5
[View Comments and
Links<http://www.powerwatch.org.uk/news/20100331_science_update.asp#>]
[View on Pubmed<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19672456>]
Electromagnetic fields are an assessed cause of prolonging free
radicals lifespan. This study was carried out to investigate the
influence of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on
protein oxidation and on the 20S proteasome functionality, the
complex responsible for the degradation of oxidized proteins. Caco
2 cells were exposed, for 24-72 hours, to 1 mT, 50 Hz electromagnetic
fields. The treatment induced a time-dependent increase both in
cell growth and in protein oxidation, more evident in the presence
of TPA, while no changes in cell viability were detected. Exposing
the cells to 50 Hz electromagnetic fields caused a global activation
of the 20S proteasome catalytic components, particularly evident
at 72 hours exposure and in the presence of TPA. The finding that
EGCG, a natural antioxidant compound, counteracted the field-related
pro-oxidant effects demonstrates that the increased proteasome
activity was due to an enhancement in intracellular free radicals.
This is a relatively high magnetic field exposure, certainly a few
orders of magnitude higher than the general public will ever be
exposed to in daily life, but it's also supportive evidence of
biological effects of ELF electromagnetic fields below ICNIRP
guidance levels.
*
The Radiation Poisoning Of America
by Amy Worthington*
Global Research, October 9, 2007 - Idaho Observer - 2007-10-07
Global Research, October 9, 2007 - Idaho Observer - 2007-10-07
Today in Italy:
by AGI on behalf of the Italian Prime Minister's office
ELECTRO SMOG: NO ANTENNAS ON SCHOOLS AND HOSPITALS (AGI) - 12 July 2006 - The Puglia's regional council, regarding the discussion on the bill for the balance of the budget, approved some standards that modify and update the regional law 5/2002 on electro smog, after a proposal by the environmental councillor Michele Losappio. Among these standards, one forbids antenna systems to emit radio television and mobile telephones in the areas, on the structures, and on the buildings for children and users of a young age and on medical buildings such as hospitals, retirement and rest homes, schools and nursery schools, children's institutes and parishes. Such modifications complement the legislation with the regulations recently approved by the town council and currently in force.
ELECTRO SMOG: NO ANTENNAS ON SCHOOLS AND HOSPITALS (AGI) - 12 July 2006 - The Puglia's regional council, regarding the discussion on the bill for the balance of the budget, approved some standards that modify and update the regional law 5/2002 on electro smog, after a proposal by the environmental councillor Michele Losappio. Among these standards, one forbids antenna systems to emit radio television and mobile telephones in the areas, on the structures, and on the buildings for children and users of a young age and on medical buildings such as hospitals, retirement and rest homes, schools and nursery schools, children's institutes and parishes. Such modifications complement the legislation with the regulations recently approved by the town council and currently in force.
World
Health
Organization:
Participating
countries
and
entities
in EMF
Project.
MUNICH/AMSTERDAM (Reuters) - Radio waves from mobile phones harm body cells and damage DNA in laboratory conditions, according to a new study majority-funded by the European Union, researchers said on Monday. CNN Money Dec. 21, 2004
Study Shows Migraine Prevalence Tripled in Young Children; WOODBURY, N.J., Sept. 17, 1996 -- The results of a new study revealed that the prevalence of migraine and other headache disorders in children has tripled from 1974 to 1992.
MUNICH/AMSTERDAM (Reuters) - Radio waves from mobile phones harm body cells and damage DNA in laboratory conditions, according to a new study majority-funded by the European Union, researchers said on Monday. CNN Money Dec. 21, 2004
Study Shows Migraine Prevalence Tripled in Young Children; WOODBURY, N.J., Sept. 17, 1996 -- The results of a new study revealed that the prevalence of migraine and other headache disorders in children has tripled from 1974 to 1992.
Mobile
Phones
may
Trigger
Alzheimer's
disease; BBC February 2003
Killing
Fields ARTHUR FIRSTENBERG / The Ecologist v.34, n.5, 1jun04 [See
also: Microwaving Our Planet - Arthur Firstenberg / Cellular Phone
Taskforce 1997].
Microwaving Our Planet
Microwaving Our Planet
See Robert O. Becker and the Council on Wireless Technology Impacts. Other books by Robert O. Becker on the subject of electropollution, electrosmog, EMF pollution. We believe there is correlation between man's failing health - poor sleep and the proliferation of power frequency, radio and microwave electropollution (electrosmog - EMF pollution). See also Becker RO research bibliography and the studies listed in the sections below.
Acta Neurol Scand. 2004 Jul;110(1):46-52.
Effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields on cognitive processes - a pilot study on GSM cell phone radiation and cognitive regeneration.
Maier R, Greter SE, Maier N.
Klinik fur Kommunikationsstorungen, Langenbeckstrasse 1, Universitat Mainz, Mainz, Germany. maier@kommunikation.klinik.uni-mainz.de
BACKGROUND: Due to the ubiquitous use of cellular phones much has been speculated on secondary effects of electromagnetic irradiation emitted by those. Additionally, several studies have reported vegetative alterations as well as effects on the neuronal and molecular levels in humans. Here, using a psycho-physiological test paradigm, we examined effects of exposure to pulsed electromagnetic fields on cognitive performance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 11 volunteers, we tested cognitive processing under field exposure (GSM standard) and under field-free conditions. To examine the hypothesized effect of pulsed fields, we applied an auditory discrimination task and determined the participant's current 'Order Threshold' value. Following a first test cycle, the volunteers had to relax for 50 min while being, or not, exposed to pulsed electromagnetic fields. Subsequently, the test was repeated. Data acquired before and after the resting phase were compared from both experimental conditions. RESULTS: We found that nine of the 11 test participants (81.8%) showed worse results in their auditory discrimination performance upon field exposure as compared with control conditions. Group data comparison revealed a statistical significance of P = 0.0105. CONCLUSION: We could show that the participants' cognitive performance was impaired after exposure to pulsed electromagnetic fields (GSM microwave frequency). With regard to this finding, we recommend that the use of cellular phones should be restricted generally and in particular in respect of physical hazard of high-risk groups, e.g. elderly, children and ill people. empasis added.
See complete EMF, RF and Cellular Microwave peer-reviewed study bibliography immediately below.
All urban areas of the planet contain layer, upon layer, upon layer of electropollution.
- power frequency 50-60 Hz fields
- radio waves
- GHz wireless networks in the workplace
- cellular microwave radiation
- brand new urban, wireless internet base stations with 7 times more range than cellular
- local, GHz wireless networks are weak by comparison
Close-field
sources of radiation significantly
distort
the
homeostasis
of
your brain wave and cellular communication
system.
- like cell phone pressed against your head
- non-shielded hard-wired ear bud in your ear
- blue tooth headsets
- lots of co-workers on cell phones in your proximity (same office, train, bus)
- GHz wireless network in your office, down the hall, or on the floors above or below you
- power lines, broadcast towers and base stations in close proximity to home, work, school
- keep in mind geometric proliferation of wireless internet (a very dense signal). see skywire.com
Several hundred pulsed electromagnetic field therapy citations contained in our research bibliographies are linked directly to PubMed a service of the U.S. National Library of Medicine and the U.S. National Institutes of Health.
These studies are offered for your education only and are not intended as promotional material for EarthPulse™ Technologies, LLC.
See also; Sandyk R, Anninos PA , Jacobson JI; three pioneers of electromagnetic field therapy to treat Parkinson's, Alzheimer's and epilepsy.
PEMF Background:
introduction to electromedicine
brain wave entrainment
brain wave entrainment II
Research Bibliographies:
arthritis and pulsed
electromagnetic field therapy research
athletic performance
enhancement and pulsed electromagnetic field therapy research
Alzheimer's disease and pulsed electromagnetic field therapy research
bone / connective tissue regeneration and pulsed electromagnetic field therapy research
depression and pulsed electromagnetic field therapy research
EMF - electropollution
research (your brain and your wireless technologies)
epilepsy and pulsed
electromagnetic field therapy research
fibromyalgia and
pulsed electromagnetic field therapy research
insomnia and pulsed
electromagnetic field therapy research
migraine headache and pulsed electromagnetic field therapy research
multiple sclerosis and pulsed electromagnetic field therapy research
nerve regeneration and pulsed electromagnetic field therapy research
neuropathy and pulsed electromagnetic field therapy research
osteoporosis and pulsed electromagnetic field therapy research
pain and pulsed electromagnetic
field therapy research
Parkinson's disease
and pulsed electromagnetic field therapy research
stroke and pulsed electromagnetic field therapy research
tinnitus
transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS / TMS) research
Got pain?...migraine?..neurological or sleeping
disorder?
Dr. Mercola on cell phone safety
Dr. Mae-Wan Ho on cell phone radiation.
Dr. Mercola on EMF (60 Hz. alternating current AC electric and magnetic fields).
The Dangers of EMF Radiation (think of EarthPulse® as a deluxe Shumann wave generator for use here on Earth
Study
Shows
Migraine
Prevalence
Tripled
in
Young
Children Doctor's Guide;
WOODBURY, N.J., Sept. 17, 1996 -- The results of a new study revealed
that the prevalence of migraine and other headache disorders in
children has tripled from 1974 to 1992.
Mobile
Phones
may
Trigger
Alzheimer's
disease; February 2003 (from BBC)
By bathing body in pulsating magnetic field of extremely low amplitude and frequency, one can not only overshadow detrimental EMF effects, but reverse them.
Are your mental faculties as sharp as you want them to be?
If you use a cell phone, a prudent person should become familiar with what close field microwave radiation does to your brain.
- A cell phone call consistently raises brain temperature by 1ºC.
- your head doesn't just feel warm after a long cell call; it is.
- Sleep parameters shown to change due to cell phone simply in STAND-BY mode!
- do not sleep with your cell phone on your bedside table
- A cellular phone call for 20 minutes prior to sleep, delays onset of REM sleep.
- parents who've given their children cell phones should take note there is movement to make cell phones illegal to children under 16 y.o. in parts of Europe due to brain development issues.
We have found
that EarthPulse kept under your bed or in
proximity to your body during work enhances concentration, linear
thinking, and greatly reduces fatigue.
Entrez - PubMed is a search and retrieval system that integrates information from databases at National Center of Biotechnology Information, the National Library of Medicine and the National Institutes of Health.
| 1: |  Kumlin T, Iivonen H, Miettinen P, Juvonen A, van Groen T, Puranen L, Pitkaaho R, Juutilainen J, Tanila H. |
Related Articles, Links |
 |
Mobile phone radiation
and the developing brain: behavioral and morphological effects in
juvenile rats. Radiat Res. 2007 Oct;168(4):471-9. PMID: 17903040 [PubMed - in process] |
|
| 2: | Cinel C, Boldini A, Russo R, Fox E. |
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|
Effects of mobile phone
electromagnetic fields on an auditory order threshold task. Bioelectromagnetics. 2007 Sep;28(6):493-6. PMID: 17492763 [PubMed - in process] |
|
| 3: | Deepinder F, Makker K, Agarwal A. |
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|
Cell phones and male
infertility: dissecting the relationship. Reprod Biomed Online. 2007 Sep;15(3):266-70. PMID: 17854521 [PubMed - in process] |
|
| 4: | Brillaud E, Piotrowski A, de Seze R. |
Related Articles, Links |
|
Effect of an acute
900MHz GSM exposure on glia in the rat brain: a time-dependent study. Toxicology. 2007 Aug 16;238(1):23-33. Epub 2007 May 26. PMID: 17624651 [PubMed - in process] |
|
| 5: | Schooneveld H. |
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 |
[Electromagnetic
fields: damage to health due to the nocebo effect] Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 2007 Jul 7;151(27):1546-7; author reply 1547-8. Dutch. No abstract available. PMID: 17763818 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
|
| 6: | Saleh GM, Gauba V, Mitra A, Beckingsale AB, Aziz O, Allen RJ. |
Related Articles, Links |
|
Electromagnetic
interference by cellular phones with ophthalmic equipment. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 2007 May;85(3):345-6. No abstract available. PMID: 17488470 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
|
| 7: | Oftedal G, Straume A, Johnsson A, Stovner LJ. |
Related Articles, Links |
|
Mobile phone headache:
a double blind, sham-controlled provocation study. Cephalalgia. 2007 May;27(5):447-55. Epub 2007 Mar 14. PMID: 17359515 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
|
| 8: | Onnela JP, Saramaki J, Hyvonen J, Szabo G, Lazer D, Kaski K, Kertesz J, Barabasi AL. |
Related Articles, Links |
|
Structure and tie
strengths in mobile communication networks. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 May 1;104(18):7332-6. Epub 2007 Apr 24. PMID: 17456605 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
|
| 9: | Lewis MB. |
Related Articles, Links |
|
Mobile phones are good
for you, p<0.36! Observations on Keetley, Wood, Spong and Stough
(2006). Neuropsychologia. 2007 Apr 8;45(7):1580-1. PMID: 17224164 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
|
| 10: | Sievert U, Eggert S, Goltz S, Pau HW. |
Related Articles, Links |
|
[Effects of
electromagnetic fields emitted by cellular phone on auditory and
vestibular labyrinth] Laryngorhinootologie. 2007 Apr;86(4):264-70. Epub 2006 Dec 12. German. PMID: 17163379 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
|
| 11: | Minelli TA, Balduzzo M, Milone FF, Nofrate V. |
Related Articles, Links |
|
Modeling cell dynamics
under mobile phone radiation. Nonlinear Dynamics Psychol Life Sci. 2007 Apr;11(2):197-218. PMID: 17355812 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
|
| 12: | Anderson V, Rowley J. |
Related Articles, Links |
|
Measurements of skin
surface temperature during mobile phone use. Bioelectromagnetics. 2007 Feb;28(2):159-62. PMID: 17080453 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
|
| 13: | Joubert V, Leveque P, Cueille M, Bourthoumieu S, Yardin C. |
Related Articles, Links |
|
No apoptosis is induced
in rat cortical neurons exposed to GSM phone fields. Bioelectromagnetics. 2007 Feb;28(2):115-21. PMID: 17004238 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
|
| 14: | Panagopoulos DJ, Chavdoula ED, Nezis IP, Margaritis LH. |
Related Articles, Links |
|
Cell death induced by
GSM 900-MHz and DCS 1800-MHz mobile telephony radiation. Mutat Res. 2007 Jan 10;626(1-2):69-78. Epub 2006 Oct 11. PMID: 17045516 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
|
| 15: | Wdowiak A, Wdowiak L, Wiktor H. |
Related Articles, Links |
 |
Evaluation of the
effect of using mobile phones on male fertility. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2007;14(1):169-72. PMID: 17655195 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
|
| 16: | Orendacova J, Orendac M, Racekova E, Marsala J. |
Related Articles, Links |
|
Neurobiological effects
of microwave exposure: a review focused on morphological findings in
experimental animals. Arch Ital Biol. 2007 Jan;145(1):1-12. Review. PMID: 17274180 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
|
| 17: | Koester P, Sakowski J, Baumann W, Glock HW, Gimsa J. |
Related Articles, Links |
|
A new exposure system
for the in vitro detection of GHz field effects on neuronal networks. Bioelectrochemistry. 2007 Jan;70(1):104-14. Epub 2006 Apr 18. PMID: 16784899 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
|
| 18: | Tamasidze AG, Nikolaishvili MI. |
Related Articles, Links |
|
[Effect of
high-frequency EMF on public health and its neuro-chemical
investigations] Georgian Med News. 2007 Jan;(142):58-60. Russian. PMID: 17327637 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
|
| 19: | Lopresto V, Pinto R, De Vita A, Mancini S, Galloni P, Marino C, Ravazzani P, Lovisolo GA. |
Related Articles, Links |
|
Exposure setup to study
potential adverse effects at GSM 1800 and UMTS frequencies on the
auditory systems of rats. Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2007;123(4):473-82. Epub 2006 Dec 12. PMID: 17164273 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
|
| 20: | Ettelt S, Nolte E, McKee M, Haugen OA, Karlberg I, Klazinga N, Ricciardi W, Teperi J. |
Related Articles, Links |
|
Evidence-based policy?
The use of mobile phones in hospital. J Public Health (Oxf). 2006 Dec;28(4):299-303. Epub 2006 Oct 27. Review. PMID: 17071816 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
|
| 21: | Erogul O, Oztas E, Yildirim I, Kir T, Aydur E, Komesli G, Irkilata HC, Irmak MK, Peker AF. |
Related Articles, Links |
|
Effects of
electromagnetic radiation from a cellular phone on human sperm
motility: an in vitro study. Arch Med Res. 2006 Oct;37(7):840-3. PMID: 16971222 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
|
| 22: | Gurisik E, Warton K, Martin DK, Valenzuela SM. |
Related Articles, Links |
|
An in vitro study of
the effects of exposure to a GSM signal in two human cell lines:
monocytic U937 and neuroblastoma SK-N-SH. Cell Biol Int. 2006 Oct;30(10):793-9. Epub 2006 Jun 30. PMID: 16877012 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
|
| 23: | Khalil S, Nunez DA. |
Related Articles, Links |
|
Do mobile 'phones have
a detrimental impact on auditory function? J Laryngol Otol. 2006 Oct;120(10):822-6. Epub 2006 May 15. Review. PMID: 16700958 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
|
| 24: | Kim SC, Nam KC, Kim DW. |
Related Articles, Links |
|
Estimation of relative
exposure levels for cellular phone users using a neural network. Bioelectromagnetics. 2006 Sep;27(6):440-4. PMID: 16724320 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
|
| 25: | Khiat A, Boulanger Y, Breton G. |
Related Articles, Links |
|
Monitoring the effects
of mobile phone use on the brain by proton magnetic resonance
spectroscopy. Int J Radiat Biol. 2006 Sep;82(9):681-5. PMID: 17050481 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
|
| 26: | Sanchez S, Masuda H, Billaudel B, Haro E, Anane R, Leveque P, Ruffie G, Lagroye I, Veyret B. |
Related Articles, Links |
|
Effect of GSM-900 and
-1800 signals on the skin of hairless rats. II: 12-week chronic
exposures. Int J Radiat Biol. 2006 Sep;82(9):675-80. PMID: 17050480 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
|
| 27: | Masuda H, Sanchez S, Dulou PE, Haro E, Anane R, Billaudel B, Leveque P, Veyret B. |
Related Articles, Links |
|
Effect of GSM-900 and
-1800 signals on the skin of hairless rats. I: 2-hour acute exposures. Int J Radiat Biol. 2006 Sep;82(9):669-74. PMID: 17050479 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
|
| 28: | Ferreri F, Curcio G, Pasqualetti P, De Gennaro L, Fini R, Rossini PM. |
Related Articles, Links |
|
Mobile phone emissions
and human brain excitability. Ann Neurol. 2006 Aug;60(2):188-96. PMID: 16802289 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
|
| 29: | Regel SJ, Negovetic S, Roosli M, Berdinas V, Schuderer J, Huss A, Lott U, Kuster N, Achermann P. |
Related Articles, Links |
 |
UMTS base station-like
exposure, well-being, and cognitive performance. Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Aug;114(8):1270-5. PMID: 16882538 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
|
| 30: | Finnie JW, Cai Z, Blumbergs PC, Manavis J, Kuchel TR. |
Related Articles, Links |
|
Expression
of the immediate early gene, c-fos, in fetal brain after whole of
gestation exposure of pregnant mice to global system for mobile
communication microwaves. Pathology. 2006 Aug;38(4):333-5. PMID: 16916723 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
|
| 31: | Thorlin T, Rouquette JM, Hamnerius Y, Hansson E, Persson M, Bjorklund U, Rosengren L, Ronnback L, Persson M. |
Related Articles, Links |
|
Exposure of cultured
astroglial and microglial brain cells to 900 MHz microwave radiation. Radiat Res. 2006 Aug;166(2):409-21. PMID: 16881742 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
|
| 32: | Maby E, Jeannes Rle B, Faucon G. |
Related Articles, Links |
|
Scalp localization of
human auditory cortical activity modified by GSM electromagnetic fields. Int J Radiat Biol. 2006 Jul;82(7):465-72. PMID: 16882618 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
|
| 33: | Aalto S, Haarala C, Bruck A, Sipila H, Hamalainen H, Rinne JO. |
Related Articles, Links |
|
Mobile phone affects
cerebral blood flow in humans. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2006 Jul;26(7):885-90. Epub 2006 Feb 22. PMID: 16495939 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
|
| 34: | Krause CM, Bjornberg CH, Pesonen M, Hulten A, Liesivuori T, Koivisto M, Revonsuo A, Laine M, Hamalainen H. |
Related Articles, Links |
|
Mobile phone effects on
children's event-related oscillatory EEG during an auditory memory task. Int J Radiat Biol. 2006 Jun;82(6):443-50. PMID: 16846979 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
|
| 35: | Finnie JW, Blumbergs PC, Cai Z, Manavis J, Kuchel TR. |
Related Articles, Links |
|
Neonatal mouse brain
exposure to mobile telephony and effect on blood-brain barrier
permeability. Pathology. 2006 Jun;38(3):262-3. No abstract available. PMID: 16753752 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
|
| 36: | Nasta F, Prisco MG, Pinto R, Lovisolo GA, Marino C, Pioli C. |
Related Articles, Links |
|
Effects of
GSM-modulated radiofrequency electromagnetic fields on B-cell
peripheral differentiation and antibody production. Radiat Res. 2006 Jun;165(6):664-70. PMID: 16802866 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
|
| 37: | Scarfi MR, Fresegna AM, Villani P, Pinto R, Marino C, Sarti M, Altavista P, Sannino A, Lovisolo GA. |
Related Articles, Links |
|
Exposure
to radiofrequency radiation (900 MHz, GSM signal) does not affect
micronucleus frequency and cell proliferation in human peripheral blood
lymphocytes: an interlaboratory study. Radiat Res. 2006 Jun;165(6):655-63. PMID: 16802865 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
|
| 38: | Xu S, Ning W, Xu Z, Zhou S, Chiang H, Luo J. |
Related Articles, Links |
|
Chronic exposure to GSM
1800-MHz microwaves reduces excitatory synaptic activity in cultured
hippocampal neurons. Neurosci Lett. 2006 May 8;398(3):253-7. Epub 2006 Jan 27. PMID: 16443327 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
|
| 39: | Belyaev IY, Koch CB, Terenius O, Roxstrom-Lindquist K, Malmgren LO, H Sommer W, Salford LG, Persson BR. |
Related Articles, Links |
|
Exposure
of rat brain to 915 MHz GSM microwaves induces changes in gene
expression but not double stranded DNA breaks or effects on chromatin
conformation. Bioelectromagnetics. 2006 May;27(4):295-306. PMID: 16511873 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
|
| 40: | Stronati L, Testa A, Moquet J, Edwards A, Cordelli E, Villani P, Marino C, Fresegna AM, Appolloni M, Lloyd D. |
Related Articles, Links |
|
935 MHz cellular phone
radiation. An in vitro study of genotoxicity in human lymphocytes. Int J Radiat Biol. 2006 May;82(5):339-46. PMID: 16782651 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
|
| 41: | Lopez-Martin E, Relova-Quinteiro JL, Gallego-Gomez R, Peleteiro-Fernandez M, Jorge-Barreiro FJ, Ares-Pena FJ. |
Related Articles, Links |
|
GSM
radiation triggers seizures and increases cerebral c-Fos positivity in
rats pretreated with subconvulsive doses of picrotoxin. Neurosci Lett. 2006 May 1;398(1-2):139-44. Epub 2006 Jan 30. PMID: 16448750 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
|
| 42: | Verschaeve L, Heikkinen P, Verheyen G, Van Gorp U, Boonen F, Vander Plaetse F, Maes A, Kumlin T, Maki-Paakkanen J, Puranen L, Juutilainen J. |
Related Articles, Links |
|
Investigation of
co-genotoxic effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields in vivo. Radiat Res. 2006 May;165(5):598-607. PMID: 16669742 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
|
| 43: | Rubin GJ, Hahn G, Everitt BS, Cleare AJ, Wessely S. |
Related Articles, Links |
|
Are some people
sensitive to mobile phone signals? Within participants double blind
randomised provocation study. BMJ. 2006 Apr 15;332(7546):886-91. Epub 2006 Mar 6. PMID: 16520326 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
|
| 44: | Zamorano M, Torres-Silva H. |
Related Articles, Links |
|
FDTD
chiral brain tissue model for specific absorption rate determination
under radiation from mobile phones at 900 and 1800 MHz. Phys Med Biol. 2006 Apr 7;51(7):1661-72. Epub 2006 Mar 7. PMID: 16552096 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
|
| 45: | Wood AW. |
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|
How dangerous are
mobile phones, transmission masts, and electricity pylons? Arch Dis Child. 2006 Apr;91(4):361-6. Review. PMID: 16551794 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
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| 46: | Tuschl H, Novak W, Molla-Djafari H. |
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In vitro effects of GSM
modulated radiofrequency fields on human immune cells. Bioelectromagnetics. 2006 Apr;27(3):188-96. PMID: 16342197 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
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| 47: | Russo R, Fox E, Cinel C, Boldini A, Defeyter MA, Mirshekar-Syahkal D, Mehta A. |
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|
Does acute exposure to
mobile phones affect human attention? Bioelectromagnetics. 2006 Apr;27(3):215-20. PMID: 16304701 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
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| 48: | Wilen J, Johansson A, Kalezic N, Lyskov E, Sandstrom M. |
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|
Psychophysiological
tests and provocation of subjects with mobile phone related symptoms. Bioelectromagnetics. 2006 Apr;27(3):204-14. PMID: 16304699 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
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| 49: | Yuasa K, Arai N, Okabe S, Tarusawa Y, Nojima T, Hanajima R, Terao Y, Ugawa Y. |
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Effects of thirty
minutes mobile phone use on the human sensory cortex. Clin Neurophysiol. 2006 Apr;117(4):900-5. Epub 2006 Jan 24. PMID: 16439184 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
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| 50: | Calcagnini G, Floris M, Censi F, Cianfanelli P, Scavino G, Bartolini P. |
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Electromagnetic
interference with infusion pumps from GSM mobile phones. Health Phys. 2006 Apr;90(4):357-60. PMID: 16538140 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
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| 51: | Joubert V, Leveque P, Rametti A, Collin A, Bourthoumieu S, Yardin C. |
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Microwave exposure of
neuronal cells in vitro: Study of apoptosis. Int J Radiat Biol. 2006 Apr;82(4):267-75. PMID: 16690594 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
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| 52: | Calcagnini G, Censi F, Floris M, Pignalberi C, Ricci R, Biancalana G, Bartolini P, Santini M. |
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Evaluation of
electromagnetic interference of GSM mobile phones with pacemakers
featuring remote monitoring functions. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2006 Apr;29(4):380-5. PMID: 16650266 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
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| 53: | Schuz J, Bohler E, Berg G, Schlehofer B, Hettinger I, Schlaefer K, Wahrendorf J, Kunna-Grass K, Blettner M. |
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|
Cellular phones,
cordless phones, and the risks of glioma and meningioma (Interphone
Study Group, Germany). Am J Epidemiol. 2006 Mar 15;163(6):512-20. Epub 2006 Jan 27. PMID: 16443797 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
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| 54: | Mora R, Crippa B, Mora F, Dellepiane M. |
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A study of the effects
of cellular telephone microwave radiation on the auditory system in
healthy men. Ear Nose Throat J. 2006 Mar;85(3):160, 162-3. PMID: 16615597 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
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| 55: | Esen F, Esen H. |
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Effect of
electromagnetic fields emitted by cellular phones on the latency of
evoked electrodermal activity. Int J Neurosci. 2006 Mar;116(3):321-9. PMID: 16484058 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
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| 56: | Finnie JW, Blumbergs PC, Cai Z, Manavis J, Kuchel TR. |
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Effect of mobile
telephony on blood-brain barrier permeability in the fetal mouse brain. Pathology. 2006 Feb;38(1):63-5. PMID: 16484011 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
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| 57: | Yu D, Shen Y, Kuster N, Fu Y, Chiang H. |
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Effects of 900 MHz GSM
wireless communication signals on DMBA-induced mammary tumors in rats. Radiat Res. 2006 Feb;165(2):174-80. PMID: 16435916 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
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| 58: | Yurekli AI, Ozkan M, Kalkan T, Saybasili H, Tuncel H, Atukeren P, Gumustas K, Seker S. |
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GSM base station
electromagnetic radiation and oxidative stress in rats. Electromagn Biol Med. 2006;25(3):177-88. PMID: 16954120 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
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| 59: | Paulraj R, Behari J. |
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|
Protein kinase C
activity in developing rat brain cells exposed to 2.45 GHz radiation. Electromagn Biol Med. 2006;25(1):61-70. PMID: 16595335 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
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| 60: | Ozguner F, Bardak Y, Comlekci S. |
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|
Protective
effects of melatonin and caffeic acid phenethyl ester against retinal
oxidative stress in long-term use of mobile phone: a comparative study. Mol Cell Biochem. 2006 Jan;282(1-2):83-8. PMID: 16317515 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
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| 61: | Galloni P, Parazzini M, Piscitelli M, Pinto R, Lovisolo GA, Tognola G, Marino C, Ravazzani P. |
Related Articles, Links |
|
Electromagnetic fields
from mobile phones do not affect the inner auditory system of
Sprague-Dawley rats. Radiat Res. 2005 Dec;164(6):798-804. PMID: 16296886 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
|
| 62: | Loughran SP, Wood AW, Barton JM, Croft RJ, Thompson B, Stough C. |
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The effect of
electromagnetic fields emitted by mobile phones on human sleep. Neuroreport. 2005 Nov 28;16(17):1973-6. PMID: 16272890 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
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| 63: | Curcio G, Ferrara M, Moroni F, D'Inzeo G, Bertini M, De Gennaro L. |
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Is the brain influenced
by a phone call? An EEG study of resting wakefulness. Neurosci Res. 2005 Nov;53(3):265-70. Epub 2005 Aug 15. PMID: 16102863 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
|
| 64: | Franke H, Ringelstein EB, Stogbauer F. |
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|
Electromagnetic
fields (GSM 1800) do not alter blood-brain barrier permeability to
sucrose in models in vitro with high barrier tightness. Bioelectromagnetics. 2005 Oct;26(7):529-35. PMID: 16142784 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
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| 65: | Kuribayashi M, Wang J, Fujiwara O, Doi Y, Nabae K, Tamano S, Ogiso T, Asamoto M, Shirai T. |
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|
Lack of effects of 1439
MHz electromagnetic near field exposure on the blood-brain barrier in
immature and young rats. Bioelectromagnetics. 2005 Oct;26(7):578-88. PMID: 16142770 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
|
| 66: | Galloni P, Lovisolo GA, Mancini S, Parazzini M, Pinto R, Piscitelli M, Ravazzani P, Marino C. |
Related Articles, Links |
|
Effects
of 900 MHz electromagnetic fields exposure on cochlear cells'
functionality in rats: evaluation of distortion product otoacoustic
emissions. Bioelectromagnetics. 2005 Oct;26(7):536-47. PMID: 16037958 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
|
| 67: | Ozguner F, Altinbas A, Ozaydin M, Dogan A, Vural H, Kisioglu AN, Cesur G, Yildirim NG. |
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|
Mobile phone-induced
myocardial oxidative stress: protection by a novel antioxidant agent
caffeic acid phenethyl ester. Toxicol Ind Health. 2005 Oct;21(9):223-30. PMID: 16342473 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
|
| 68: | Markova E, Hillert L, Malmgren L, Persson BR, Belyaev IY. |
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|
Microwaves
from GSM mobile telephones affect 53BP1 and gamma-H2AX foci in human
lymphocytes from hypersensitive and healthy persons. Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Sep;113(9):1172-7. PMID: 16140623 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
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| 69: | Ozguner F, Oktem F, Ayata A, Koyu A, Yilmaz HR. |
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|
A
novel antioxidant agent caffeic acid phenethyl ester prevents long-term
mobile phone exposure-induced renal impairment in rat. Prognostic value
of malondialdehyde, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase and nitric oxide
determination. Mol Cell Biochem. 2005 Sep;277(1-2):73-80. PMID: 16132717 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
|
| 70: | Franke H, Streckert J, Bitz A, Goeke J, Hansen V, Ringelstein EB, Nattkamper H, Galla HJ, Stogbauer F. |
Related Articles, Links |
|
Effects of Universal
Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) electromagnetic fields on the
blood-brain barrier in vitro. Radiat Res. 2005 Sep;164(3):258-69. PMID: 16137198 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
|
| 71: | Laszlo A, Moros EG, Davidson T, Bradbury M, Straube W, Roti Roti J. |
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|
The heat-shock factor
is not activated in mammalian cells exposed to cellular phone frequency
microwaves. Radiat Res. 2005 Aug;164(2):163-72. PMID: 16038587 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
|
| 72: | Maby E, Le Bouquin Jeannes R, Faucon G, Liegeois-Chauvel C, De Seze R. |
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|
Effects of GSM signals
on auditory evoked responses. Bioelectromagnetics. 2005 Jul;26(5):341-50. PMID: 15887252 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
|
| 73: | Grigor'ev IuG. |
Related Articles, Links |
|
[The
electromagnetic fields of cellular phones and the health of children
and of teenagers (the situation requiring to take an urgent measure)] Radiats Biol Radioecol. 2005 Jul-Aug;45(4):442-50. Review. Russian. PMID: 16209190 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
|
| 74: | Cosquer B, Vasconcelos AP, Frohlich J, Cassel JC. |
Related Articles, Links |
|
Blood-brain
barrier and electromagnetic fields: effects of scopolamine
methylbromide on working memory after whole-body exposure to 2.45 GHz
microwaves in rats. Behav Brain Res. 2005 Jun 20;161(2):229-37. Epub 2005 Mar 21. PMID: 15922049 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
|
| 75: | Virtanen H, Huttunen J, Toropainen A, Lappalainen R. |
Related Articles, Links |
|
Interaction of mobile
phones with superficial passive metallic implants. Phys Med Biol. 2005 Jun 7;50(11):2689-700. Epub 2005 May 18. PMID: 15901963 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
|
| 76: | Diem E, Schwarz C, Adlkofer F, Jahn O, Rudiger H. |
Related Articles, Links |
|
Non-thermal
DNA breakage by mobile-phone radiation (1800 MHz) in human fibroblasts
and in transformed GFSH-R17 rat granulosa cells in vitro. Mutat Res. 2005 Jun 6;583(2):178-83. PMID: 15869902 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
|
| 77: | Finnie JW. |
Related Articles, Links |
|
Expression
of the immediate early gene, c-fos, in mouse brain after acute global
system for mobile communication microwave exposure. Pathology. 2005 Jun;37(3):231-3. PMID: 16175897 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
|
| 78: | Leal Hernandez M, Abellan Aleman J, Casas Pina M. |
Related Articles, Links |
|
[Mobile telephones:
playing with our health?] Aten Primaria. 2005 May 15;35(8):415-8. Spanish. No abstract available. PMID: 15882498 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
|
| 79: | Uloziene I, Uloza V, Gradauskiene E, Saferis V. |
Related Articles, Links |
|
Assessment of potential
effects of the electromagnetic fields of mobile phones on hearing. BMC Public Health. 2005 Apr 19;5(1):39. PMID: 15840162 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
|
| 80: | Belyaev IY, Hillert L, Protopopova M, Tamm C, Malmgren LO, Persson BR, Selivanova G, Harms-Ringdahl M. |
Related Articles, Links |
|
915
MHz microwaves and 50 Hz magnetic field affect chromatin conformation
and 53BP1 foci in human lymphocytes from hypersensitive and healthy
persons. Bioelectromagnetics. 2005 Apr;26(3):173-84. PMID: 15768430 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
|
| 81: | Koyu A, Ozguner F, Cesur G, Gokalp O, Mollaoglu H, Caliskan S, Delibas N. |
Related Articles, Links |
|
No
effects of 900 MHz and 1800 MHz electromagnetic field emitted from
cellular phone on nocturnal serum melatonin levels in rats. Toxicol Ind Health. 2005 Mar;21(1-2):27-31. PMID: 15986574 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
|
| 82: | Huber R, Treyer V, Schuderer J, Berthold T, Buck A, Kuster N, Landolt HP, Achermann P. |
Related Articles, Links |
|
Exposure to
pulse-modulated radio frequency electromagnetic fields affects regional
cerebral blood flow. Eur J Neurosci. 2005 Feb;21(4):1000-6. PMID: 15787706 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
|
| 83: | Stopczyk D, Gnitecki W, Buczynski A, Kowalski W, Buczynska M, Kroc A. |
Related Articles, Links |
|
[Effect of
electromagnetic field produced by mobile phones on the activity of
superoxide dismutase (SOD-1)--in vitro researches] Ann Acad Med Stetin. 2005;51 Suppl 1:125-8. Polish. PMID: 16602439 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
|
| 84: | Haarala C, Bergman M, Laine M, Revonsuo A, Koivisto M, Hamalainen H. |
Related Articles, Links |
|
Electromagnetic field
emitted by 902 MHz mobile phones shows no effects on children's
cognitive function. Bioelectromagnetics. 2005;Suppl 7:S144-50. PMID: 16059918 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
|
| 85: | Hata K, Yamaguchi H, Tsurita G, Watanabe S, Wake K, Taki M, Ueno S, Nagawa H. |
Related Articles, Links |
|
Short term exposure to
1439 MHz pulsed TDMA field does not alter melatonin synthesis in rats. Bioelectromagnetics. 2005 Jan;26(1):49-53. PMID: 15605405 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
|
| 86: | Shirai T, Kawabe M, Ichihara T, Fujiwara O, Taki M, Watanabe S, Wake K, Yamanaka Y, Imaida K, Asamoto M, Tamano S. |
Related Articles, Links |
|
Chronic
exposure to a 1.439 GHz electromagnetic field used for cellular phones
does not promote N-ethylnitrosourea induced central nervous system
tumors in F344 rats. Bioelectromagnetics. 2005 Jan;26(1):59-68. PMID: 15605402 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
|
| 87: | Forgacs Z, Kubinyi G, Sinay G, Bakos J, Hudak A, Surjan A, Revesz C, Thuroczy G. |
Related Articles, Links |
|
[Effects of 1800 MHz
GSM-like exposure on the gonadal function and hematological parameters
of male mice] Magy Onkol. 2005;49(2):149-51. Epub 2005 Oct 24. Hungarian. PMID: 16249811 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
|
| 88: | Pau HW, Sievert U, Eggert S, Wild W. |
Related Articles, Links |
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Can electromagnetic
fields emitted by mobile phones stimulate the vestibular organ? Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2005 Jan;132(1):43-9. PMID: 15632908 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
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| 89: | Barcal J, Cendelin J, Vozeh F, Zalud V. |
Related Articles, Links |
|
Effect
of whole-body exposure to high-frequency electromagnetic field on the
brain electrogeny in neurodefective and healthy mice. Prague Med Rep. 2005;106(1):91-100. PMID: 16007915 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
|
| 90: | Lim HB, Cook GG, Barker AT, Coulton LA. |
Related Articles, Links |
|
Effect of 900 MHz
electromagnetic fields on nonthermal induction of heat-shock proteins
in human leukocytes. Radiat Res. 2005 Jan;163(1):45-52. PMID: 15606306 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
|
| 91: | Mausset-Bonnefont AL, Hirbec H, Bonnefont X, Privat A, Vignon J, de Seze R. |
Related Articles, Links |
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Acute exposure to GSM
900-MHz electromagnetic fields induces glial reactivity and biochemical
modifications in the rat brain. Neurobiol Dis. 2004 Dec;17(3):445-54. PMID: 15571980 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
|
| 92: | Papageorgiou CC, Nanou ED, Tsiafakis VG, Capsalis CN, Rabavilas AD. |
Related Articles, Links |
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Gender related
differences on the EEG during a simulated mobile phone signal. Neuroreport. 2004 Nov 15;15(16):2557-60. PMID: 15538195 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
|
| 93: | Sommer AM, Streckert J, Bitz AK, Hansen VW, Lerchl A. |
Related Articles, Links |
|
No
effects of GSM-modulated 900 MHz electromagnetic fields on survival
rate and spontaneous development of lymphoma in female AKR/J mice. BMC Cancer. 2004 Nov 11;4:77. PMID: 15538947 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
|
| 94: | Kuster N, Schuderer J, Christ A, Futter P, Ebert S. |
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Guidance for exposure
design of human studies addressing health risk evaluations of mobile
phones. Bioelectromagnetics. 2004 Oct;25(7):524-9. PMID: 15376239 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
|
| 95: | Aran JM, Carrere N, Chalan Y, Dulou PE, Larrieu S, Letenneur L, Veyret B, Dulon D. |
Related Articles, Links |
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Effects of exposure of
the ear to GSM microwaves: in vivo and in vitro experimental studies. Int J Audiol. 2004 Oct;43(9):545-54. PMID: 15726845 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
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| 96: | Kundi M, Mild K, Hardell L, Mattsson MO. |
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Mobile telephones and
cancer--a review of epidemiological evidence. J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev. 2004 Sep-Oct;7(5):351-84. Review. PMID: 15371240 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
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| 97: | Maier R, Greter SE, Maier N. |
Related Articles, Links |
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Effects
of pulsed electromagnetic fields on cognitive processes - a pilot study
on pulsed field interference with cognitive regeneration. Acta Neurol Scand. 2004 Jul;110(1):46-52. PMID: 15180806 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
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| 98: | Grigoriev Y. |
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Mobile phones and
children: is precaution warranted? Bioelectromagnetics. 2004 Jul;25(5):322-3; author reply 323. No abstract available. PMID: 15197752 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
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| 99: | [No authors listed] |
Related Articles, Links |
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Are cell phones safe?
Questions remain. Consum Rep. 2004 Jun;69(6):8. No abstract available. PMID: 15146860 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
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| 100: | Bergamaschi A, Magrini A, Ales G, Coppeta L, Somma G. |
Related Articles, Links |
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Are thyroid
dysfunctions related to stress or microwave exposure (900 MHz)? Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2004 May-Aug;17(2 Suppl):31-6. PMID: 15345189 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
|
Environ Health
Perspect. 2003 Jun;111(7):881-3
Nerve
cell
damage
in
mammalian
brain
after
exposure to microwaves from GSM
mobile phones.
Salford LG, Brun AE, Eberhardt JL, Malmgren L, Persson BR.
Department of Neurosurgery, Lund University, The Rausing Laboratory
and Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
Three groups each of eight rats were exposed for 2 hr to Global System
for Mobile Communications (GSM) mobile phone electromagnetic fields of
different strengths. We found highly significant (p< 0.002) evidence
for neuronal damage in the cortex, hippocampus, and basal ganglia in
the brains of exposed rats.
Int J Neurosci. 2003 Jul;113(7):1007-19.
Effects
of
high-frequency
electromagnetic
fields
on
human
EEG: a brain mapping
study.
Kramarenko AV, Tan U.
Central Clinic Hospital N5, Kharkov, Ukraine.
Mobile Phones may Trigger Alzheimer's disease; February 2003 (from BBC)
Med Hypotheses. 2002 Dec;59(6):703-5.
Cellular
telephones
and
effects
on
the
brain:
the head as an antenna and brain
tissue as a radio receiver.
Weinberger Z, Richter ED.
Jerusalem College of Technology, Jerusalem, Israel.
Headache and other neuropsychological symptoms occur in users of
cellular telephones, and controversy exists concerning risks for brain
cancer. We hypothesize these effects result from the head serving as an
antenna and brain tissue as a radio receiver. Brain cells and tissues
demodulate the cell-phone's audio frequencies from the radio frequency
carrier. Low audio frequencies in the ranges of alpha and beta waves
affect these waves and thereby influence brain function. These effects
state the case for a precautionary policy.
Med Pr. 2002;53(4):311-4.
[Effect
of
electromagnetic
field
produced
by
mobile
phones on the activity of
superoxide dismutase (SOD-1) and the level of malonyldialdehyde
(MDA)--in vitro study]
[Article in Polish]
Stopczyk D, Gnitecki W, Buczynski A, Markuszewski L, Buczynski J.
Zakladu Medycyny Zapobiegawczej i Promocji Zdrowia, Wojskowej
Akademii Medycznej w Lodzi.
Bioelectromagnetics. 2003 Jan;24(1):66-9.
Testing
the
effectiveness
of
small
radiation
shields
for mobile phones.
Oliver JP, Chou CK, Balzano Q.
Corporate EME Research Laboratory, Plantation, Florida 33322, USA.
THEY DON'T WORK!!!!
Med Pr. 2002;53(4):311-4.
[Effect
of
electromagnetic
field
produced
by
mobile
phones on the activity of
superoxide dismutase (SOD-1) and the level of malonyldialdehyde
(MDA)--in vitro study]
[Article in Polish]
Stopczyk D, Gnitecki W, Buczynski A, Markuszewski L, Buczynski J.
Zakladu Medycyny Zapobiegawczej i Promocji Zdrowia, Wojskowej
Akademii Medycznej w Lodzi.
Pathol Biol (Paris) 2002 Jul;50(6):369-73
Investigation
on
the
health
of
people
living
near mobile telephone relay stations:
I/Incidence according to distance and sex.
Santini R, Santini P, Danze JM, Le Ruz P, Seigne M.
Institut national des sciences appliquees, laboratoire de
biochimie-pharmacologie, batiment Louis Pasteur, 20, avenue Albert
Einstein, 69621 Villeurbanne, France.
Women, significantly more often than men, complained of headache,
nausea, loss of appetite, sleep disturbance, depression, discomfort and
visual perturbations. This first study on symptoms experienced by
people living in vicinity of cellular base stations shows that, in view
of radioprotection, minimal distance of people from cellular phone base
stations should not be less than 300 m. (985 feet)! If
you are a municipal /governmental employee (working in police
station/municipal offices/town hall), odds are you work right next to
or under one of these base stations.
ET Don't Phone Home!
Lancet 2000 Nov 25;356(9244):1833-6
Physics and biology of mobile telephony.
Hyland GJ.
Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UKHyland GJ:
"The effect of microwaves from a mobile phone... has an impact on the
stability of cells in the body. The main effects are neurological,
causing headaches, memory loss and also sleeping disorders,"
The researchers found that volunteers had a disturbed sleep pattern
for as much as 50 minutes after being exposed to the radiation.
"Even a short exposure to electromagnetic fields emitted by
mobile phones has an effect on brain physiology." read the Lancet
abstract by clicking here.
***Mutat Res 1997 Jan 15;388(1):45-57
Evaluation
of
potential
genotoxicity
of
pulsed
electric
and electromagnetic fields
used for bone growth stimulation.
Jacobson-Kram D, Tepper J, Kuo P, San RH, Curry PT, Wagner VO,
Putman DL.
Genetic Toxicology Division, Microbiological Associates, Inc.,
Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
The data suggest that pulsed electric and electromagnetic fields of the
types and dose levels used in bone growth stimulation lack mutagenic
and transforming activity.
Health Phys 2002 Sep;83(3):409-16
Assessing
compliance
with
power-frequency
magnetic-field
guidelines.
Bracken TD.
Several organizations have established guidelines for occupational
exposure to power-frequency magnetic fields 60 hertz; 1.0
millitesla (10 Gauss) for the American Conference of
Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 0.42 mT (4.2 Gauss) for the
International Committee on Non-ionizing Radiation Protection, and 1.6
mT (16 Gauss) for the National Radiation Protection Board
guidelines. EarthPulse peak magnetic flux density less than
1 Gauss.
Neuroendocrinol Lett 2002 Jul;23 Suppl 2:9-13
Potential
biological
consequences
of
excessive
light
exposure:
melatonin
suppression, DNA damage, cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.
Reiter RJ.
Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, The University of
Texas Health Science Center, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX
78229-3900, USA.
Health Phys 2002 Apr;82(4):473-83
Electromagnetic
field
standards
in
Central
and
Eastern
European countries: current
state and stipulations for international harmonization.
Gajsek P, Pakhomov AG, Klauenberg BJ.
Air Force Research Laboratory, Directed Energy Bioeffects Division,
Brooks AFB, TX 78235, USA.
Electromagnetic field standards in the West are based upon the specific
absorption
rate, which is proportional to tissue heating (thermal
effects), representing the basic restriction of exposure to
Radio-Frequency (RF) fields. On the other hand, Eastern European
standards are designed to protect from potential non-thermal
effects that might be caused by chronic exposure to very low
intensities, where a so-called "power load" (a product of field
intensity and duration of exposure) represents the basic limitation.
Pathology 2002 Apr;34(2):201-2
Mobile
phones
and
your
health.
Goding JW.
Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2002 Apr 19;127(16):872
Sleep
disorders
caused
by
electrosmog?
Schweisfurth H.
Klinikum, Thiemstrasse 111, 03048 Cottbus.
Crit Rev Biomed Eng. 2001;29(1):125-33
Investigation
of
brain
potentials
in
sleeping
humans
exposed to the electromagnetic
field of mobile phones.
Lebedeva NN, Sulimov AV, Sulimova OP, Korotkovskaya TI, Gailus T.
Institute of Higher Nerve Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian
Academy of Sciences.
J ECT 2001 Dec;17(4):259-63
Lack
of
adverse
cognitive
effects
of
1
Hz and 20 Hz repetitive transcranial
magnetic stimulation at 100% of motor threshold over left prefrontal
cortex in depression.
Speer AM, Repella JD, Figueras S, Demian NK, Kimbrell TA, Wasserman
EM, Post RM.
Biological Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,
G Ital Med Lav Ergon 2002 Oct-Dec;24(4):444-6
[Article
in
Italian]
Macca I, Scapellato ML, Perini M, Virgili A, Saia B, Bartolucci GB.
Dipartimento di Medicina Ambientale e Sanita Pubblica, Universita
degli Studi di Padova.
J Pharm Biomed Anal 2001 Nov;26(4):605-8
Effects
of
acute
exposure
to
the
radiofrequency
fields of cellular phones on
plasma lipid peroxide and antioxidase activities in human erythrocytes.
Moustafa YM, Moustafa RM, Belacy A, Abou-El-Ela SH, Ali FM.
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez
Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.
These results support the interaction of radiofrequency fields of
cellular phones with biological systems.
Health Phys 2001 Oct;81(4):467-8
The
apparent
endocrine
effects
of
non-ionizing
radiation:
a new
consideration in determining exposure standards.
James WH.
Ann Acad Med Singapore 2001 Sep;30(5):489-93
Electromagnetic
fields
and
health
outcomes.
Knave B.
National Institute for Working Life, S-11279 Stockholm, Sweden.
Over the past two decades, there has been increasing interest in the
biological effects and possible health outcomes of weak, low-frequency
electric and magnetic fields. Epidemiological studies on magnetic
fields and neurobehavioural reactions have been presented. More
recently, neurological, degenerative and heart diseases have also been
reported to be related to such electromagnetic fields. Furthermore,
the increased use of mobile phones worldwide has focussed interest on
the possible effects of radiofrequency fields of higher frequencies.
J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2001 Aug;23(4):424-30
Neuropsychological
effects
of
prefrontal
slow
rTMS
in
normal volunteers: a double-blind
sham-controlled study.
Koren D, Shefer O, Chistyakov A, Kaplan B, Feinsod M, Klein E.
Department of Psychiatry, B. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Rambam
Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.
Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2001 Apr;24(4 Pt 1):489-95
Interference
with
cardiac
pacemakers
by
magnetic
resonance
imaging: are there
irreversible changes at 0.5 Tesla?
Vahlhaus C, Sommer T, Lewalter T, Schimpf R, Schumacher B, Jung W,
Luderitz B.
Medizinische Universitatsklinik und Poliklinik II, Rheinische
Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat Bonn, Germany.
No permanent changes in pacemaker exposed to static magnetic field 5000
times the strength of EarthPulse.
Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2001 Feb;24(2):199-205
Force
and
torque
effects
of
a
1.5-Tesla
MRI scanner on cardiac pacemakers and
ICDs.
Luechinger R, Duru F, Scheidegger MB, Boesiger P, Candinas R.
Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Informatics,
University of Zurich, Switzerland
This study utilized static field 15,000 times the field strength of
EarthPulse.
J ECT 2000 Dec;16(4):380-90
Lack
of
significant
changes
on
magnetic
resonance
scans before and after 2
weeks of daily left prefrontal repetitive transcranial magnetic
stimulation for depression.
Nahas Z, DeBrux C, Chandler V, Lorberbaum JP, Speer AM, Molloy MA,
Liberatos C, Risch SC, George MS.
Department of Psychiatry, The Medical University of South Carolina,
Charleston
Several studies have found that prefrontal rTMS has potential efficacy
in treating depression, and this technology, in addition to being a
research tool, may soon play a role in psychiatric practice. Thus,
establishing the safety of this technology is important and has been
studied insufficiently.
Neuroreport 2000 Oct 20;11(15):3321-5
Exposure
to
pulsed
high-frequency
electromagnetic
field
during
waking affects
human sleep EEG.
Huber R, Graf T, Cote KA, Wittmann L, Gallmann E, Matter D,
Schuderer J, Kuster N, Borbely AA, Achermann P.
Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich,
Switzerland.
The changes of brain function induced by pulsed high-frequency EMF
outlast the exposure period.
Pathol Biol (Paris) 2000 Jul;48(6):525-8
[Danger
of
cellular
telephones
and
their
relay
stations]
[Article in French]
Santini R, Seigne M, Bonhomme-Faivre L.
Cellular phones and their base stations emit pulsed microwaves in the
environment. Cellular phone users are exposed in the near field and,
under this condition, a large part of the electromagnetic energy is
absorbed by the head, leading to an increased brain temperature.
Some European countries (Italy, France, Belgium, etc.) have taken
measures to protect their populations.
Acta Oncol 2000;39(8):927-30
Are
mobile
phones
harmful?
Blettner M, Berg G.
School of Public Health, University of Bielefeld, Germany.
Findings on the thermal effect of acute exposure to radiofrequency
fields were consistent, resulting in an increase of cellular, tissue or
body temperature by 1 degree C or more. If you get a sensation of
warmth inside your head when holding your cell phone to your ear (or
useing a non-shielded headset),...your not imagining it.
Med Pr 2000;51(2):151-8
[Cellular
radio
systems.
Problems
faced
in
assessing
exposure to electromagnetic
fields]
Zmyslony M.
Zakladu Zagrozen Fizycznych, Instytutu Medycyny Pracy, Lodzi
It should be stressed that standards adopted protect the user's head
against the thermal (heating) effect, whereas the question on whether
they also protect against non-thermal effects still remains without
answer. Non-Thermal effects are suspected of perpetrating several
CNS disrupting effects as can be shown in 60 Hz study below. It
is hypothesised that PEMFs at brain-wave specific frequencies help to
reduce or completely ameliorate the deleterious effects of higher
frequency EMF exposure.
Lancet 2000 Nov 25;356(9244):1833-6
Physics
and
biology
of
mobile
telephony.
Hyland GJ.
There is evidence that the low intensity, pulsed radiation currently
used can exert subtle non-thermal influences. There are consistencies
between some of these effects and the neurological problems reported by
some mobile-telephone users and people exposed longterm to base-station
radiation.
Med Hypotheses 2000 Apr;54(4):630-3
The
effects
of
natural
and
man-made
electromagnetic
fields on mood and
behavior: the role of sleep disturbances.
Sher L.
The author further suggests that the development of sleep abnormalities
in persons exposed to artificial electromagnetic fields may predict the
onset of a psychiatric disorder at a later time and that early
intervention may prevent the onset of a psychiatric disease.
Int J Biometeorol. 1999 Jul;43(1):31-7.
The
effects
of
extra-low-frequency
atmospheric
pressure
oscillations
on
human mental activity.
Delyukov A, Didyk L.
J Sleep Res 1999 Mar;8(1):77-81
A
50-Hz
electromagnetic
field
impairs
sleep.
Akerstedt T, Arnetz B, Ficca G, Paulsson LE, Kallner A.
National Institute for Psychosocial Factors and Health, Karolinska
Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
We found that the EMF condition was associated with reduced: total
sleep time (TST), sleep efficiency, stages 3 + 4 slow wave sleep (SWS),
and slow wave activity (SWA)
Bioelectromagnetics 1999;20(5):277-83
Human
sleep
in
60
Hz
magnetic
fields.
Graham C, Cook MR.
Midwest Research Institute, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, USA.
60 htz fields (what you have in the home, office, hospital) found to
disrupt sleep at .28 gauss ( well below EarthPulse peak field
density). Showing that fields as low as at least .28 gauss can
affect the central nervous system.
Neuroreport 1998 Oct 5;9(14):3229-32
Mobile
phones
modulate
response
patterns
of
human
brain activity.
Eulitz C, Ullsperger P, Freude G, Elbert T.
Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Germany.
Environ Health Perspect 1998 Mar;106(3):101-3
Headaches
from
cellular
telephones:
are
they
real
and what are the implications?
Frey AH.
Randomline, Inc., Potomac, MD 20854, USA.
There have been numerous recent reports of headaches occurring in
association with the use of hand-held cellular telephones. Are these
reported headaches real? Are they due to emissions from telephones?
There is reason to believe that the answer is "yes" to both questions.
Med Pregl 1997 Sep-Oct;50(9-10):357-62
[The
effect
of
low-frequency
electromagnetic
fields
on
the neuroendocrine
system]
[Article in Serbo-Croatian (Roman)]
Lazetic B, Kozarcic T, Stankov K.
Zavod za fiziologiju, Medicinski fakultet, Novi Sad.
1: J Cell Physiol. 2004 Jun;199(3):359-63. Related Articles, Links
Initial interactions in electromagnetic field-induced biosynthesis.
Blank M, Goodman R.
Department of Physiology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA. mb32@columbia.edu
Low frequency electromagnetic (EM) fields induce gene expression, and recent insights into physical interactions of EM fields with model systems suggest a mechanism that could initiate this process. The consistently low thresholds at which EM fields stimulate biological processes indicate that they require little energy. Since it has been shown that such weak fields accelerate electron transfer reactions, they could stimulate transcription by interacting with electrons in DNA to destabilize the H-bonds holding the two DNA strands together. Such a mechanism is consistent with the low electron affinity of the bases in previously identified electromagnetic response elements (EMREs) needed for EM field interaction with DNA. It is also in line with both endogenous and in vitro stimulation of biosynthesis by electric fields. The frequency response of several EM sensitive biological systems suggests that EM fields require repetition and are most effective at frequencies that coincide with natural rhythms of the processes affected. Copyright 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Publication Types:
* Review
* Review, Tutorial
PMID: 15095282 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2: Ernst Schering Res Found Workshop. 2004;(46):79-88. Related Articles, Links
Mechanisms of estrogenic effects on neurobiological functions.
Pfaff DW.
The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021-6399, USA. pfaff@rockvax.rockefeller.edu
Publication Types:
* Review
* Review, Tutorial
PMID: 15248506 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
3: Med Tr Prom Ekol. 2004;(1):31-5. Related Articles, Links
[Hygienic evaluation of electromagnetic situation and vibroacoustic factors at workplaces for radio-technological staff of civil airports]
[Article in Russian]
Pokhodzei LV, Kur'erov NN, Rubtsova NB, Pal'tsev IuP, Lazarenko NV, Samusenko TG, Subbotin VV.
The authors proved electromagnetic environment for staff servicing radiolocation, navigation and communication systems in civil airports to be very severe: electromagnetic irradiation of broad frequency spectrum, in impulse and continuous generation mode, varying in intensity and time, with low telluric conditions in shielded chambers, with equivalent noise levels more than by 15 dBA exceeding the allowable ones.
PMID: 15029675 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
4: Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys. 2003 Dec;68(6 Pt 2):066609. Epub 2003 Dec 24. Related Articles, Links
Simulation study of localization of electromagnetic waves in two-dimensional random dipolar systems.
Wang KK, Ye Z.
Wave Phenomena Laboratory, Department of Physics, National Central University, Chungli 32054, Taiwan.
We study the propagation and scattering of electromagnetic waves by random arrays of dipolar cylinders in a uniform medium. A set of self-consistent equations, incorporating all orders of multiple scattering of the electromagnetic waves, is derived from first principles and then solved numerically for electromagnetic fields. For certain ranges of frequencies, spatially localized electromagnetic waves appear in such a simple but realistic disordered system. Dependence of localization on the frequency, radiation damping, and filling factor is shown. The spatial behavior of the total, coherent, and diffusive waves is explored in detail, and found to comply with a physical intuitive picture. A phase diagram characterizing localization is presented, in agreement with previous investigations on other systems.
PMID: 14754338 [PubMed]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
5: Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2003 Nov;285(5):R932. Related Articles, Links
Comment on:
* Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2003 Nov;285(5):R950-61.
On the maturation of mathematical modeling of endocrine systems.
Yates FE.
Publication Types:
* Comment
* Editorial
PMID: 14557229 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
6: Usp Fiziol Nauk. 2003 Oct-Dec;34(4):4-15. Related Articles, Links
[Neuroimmunoendocrinology: beginning and prospective development]
[Article in Russian]
Akmaev IG.
Endocrinology Research Center, Moscow.
The paper gives analytical consideration of what, as to how evolved current notions of the new branch of neurobiology, the neuroimmunoendocrinology, dealing with integration of the main physiological regulatory systems--netvous, endocrine and immune, with special reference paid to the developmental likeness of their controlling mechanisms, letting to assume their cooperative action. Taking the latter into consideration the opportunity is discussed, suggesting that breakage of those would result in various kinds of disregulatory pathology including autoimmune one.
Publication Types:
* Review
* Review, Tutorial
PMID: 14658299 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
7: J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2003 Sep;36(3):153-60. Related Articles, Links
Erratum in:
* J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2003 Dec;36(4):287.
The possible role of electromagnetic fields in bacterial communication.
Trushin MV.
Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan, Russia. mtruhin@mail.ru
This paper presents a general review of the current knowledge regarding bacterial communication via electromagnetic fields. The possible role of ultraviolet, visible and infrared light, extremely high frequency and low frequency electromagnetic fields as well as sound waves is discussed. The probable mechanisms of remote microbial interactions are raised. Future trends in the area of microbiology are also viewed.
Publication Types:
* Review
* Review, Tutorial
PMID: 14582558 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
8: Radiats Biol Radioecol. 2003 Sep-Oct;43(5):519-23. Related Articles, Links
[Importance of initial status of the nervous system in the developing of low intensity EMF exposure neuro-effects]
[Article in Russian]
Luk'ianova SN.
State Research Center-Institute of Biophysics, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, 123182 Russia. ibphgen@rcibph.dol.ru
EMF neuro-effects are weak or under-threshold irritants (from the position of biological significance) and completely determined by initial status of nervous system. Initial brain bioelectrical activity characterized by the first developing symptoms of drowsiness or passive awaking condition promotes the reaction development. But emotional tension or somatic activation interfere this process. This dependence could be remedied by increasing of biological significance of low intensity EMF and changing of the analyzed physiological parameter.
PMID: 14658281 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
9: Int Immunopharmacol. 2003 Aug;3(8):1235-46. Related Articles, Links
Neuroendocrine immune interactions in health and disease.
Masek K, Slansky J, Petrovicky P, Hadden JW.
Department of Pharmacology and Anatomy I and II School of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
The purpose of this paper is to review ways in which the neurohormonal system can interact with the immune system and to outline the main mechanisms which are involved in this interaction. Experimental as well as clinical evidence is presented to support the existence of a close interaction and bi-directional communication between the central nervous and immune systems. The role of major endocrine mechanisms and hormones is discussed. The evidences from experimental work to support the roles of the nervous system with neurotransmitters, the endocrine system with hormones, and the immune system with cytokines are presented. Aging, depression and cancer have a high degree of co-association and share mechanisms which result in cellular immune deficiency. Hormone therapy, zinc replenishment, antidepressants, immunomodulators like MDP act on these pathways to upregulate and improve cellular immunity. The authors believe that the central nervous system (CNS)-immune interaction is an important new frontier to be considered for new combination therapy in diseases with cellular immune deficiency such as cancer particularly in the aged with depression.
Publication Types:
* Review
* Review, Tutorial
PMID: 12860179 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
10: Biofizika. 2003 Jul-Aug;48(4):733-9. Related Articles, Links
[Some changes in bioelectrical activity of the brain during short regulated exposure to pulsed electrical fields]
[Article in Russian]
Pestriaev VA.
Ural State Medical Academy, ul. Repina 3, Ekaterinburg, 620219 Russia.
It was shown that short (10 s) exposures of white rats being at rest to impulse (1 ms) electromagnetic fields (170 A/m) at a fixed frequency of pulse sequence in the range of the theta-rhythm do not change the contribution to the electrocorticogram (ECoG) of the harmonic whose frequency corresponds to the frequency of pulse sequence. By contrast, treatments with a frequency-pulse modulation at which the interpulse intervals corresponding to the frequency of the harmonic being studied were not observed throughout the range of exposure but at which their high correlation was provided, assisted in decreasing the contribution of the harmonic to the ECoG spectrum. If the functional state of the central nervous system was changed by drugs leading to the predominance of the short-wavelength activity in the ECoG, both regimes of exposure significantly affected the contribution of the harmonic in the ECoG, whose direction and dynamics depended on the excitability of neurons.
PMID: 14515495 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
11: G Ital Med Lav Ergon. 2003 Jul-Sep;25(3):364-6. Related Articles, Links
[Experimental data on extremely low frequency (ELF) electromagnetic fields]
[Article in Italian]
L'Abbate N.
Sezione di Medicina del Lavoro, DIMIMP, Universita degli Studi di Bari.
At the current state of knowledge, the biological effects both in vitro and in vivo connected to low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF) are not univocally interpreted. Indeed a lot of literature seems strictly related to the particular experimental procedure depending both on the biological target and the exposure features under consideration. The best studied biological parameters in vitro are kinetics of cell proliferation, change in enzymatic activities, intramembrane ionic flux and integrity of chromosome complement. In general, the study on genotoxic effects induced by simultaneous exposure to electromagnetic fields and known chemical or physical mutagenes is based on the theory that electromagnetic fields may interfere with mutagenic substances rather than affect directly genetic material. In addition, studies in vivo confirm different results both in different animal species and in different (nervous, neuroendocrine, immunitary systems). Finally, in order to evaluate the wide research activity on this subject, we need to take into account the main standard criteria adopted by the world scientific community, such as the peer review process and the confirmation of experimental data by means of independent repetitions.
PMID: 14582262 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
12: Br J Cancer. 2003 Jun 16;88(12):1939-41. Related Articles, Links
Possible associations between ELF electromagnetic fields, DNA damage response processes and childhood leukaemia.
Hone P, Edwards A, Halls J, Cox R, Lloyd D.
National Radiological Protection Board, Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0RQ, UK.
Epidemiology has shown an association between exposure to extremely low frequency (ELF) electromagnetic fields (EMF) and childhood leukaemia. The causal nature and biological basis of this association are however questionable. Studies with aneuploid cell lines raised the hypothesis that ELF EMF may act as a coleukaemogen by compromising DNA damage response to genotoxic agents such as ionising radiation. We examined this hypothesis using gamma-ray-induced dicentric chromosome exchange in human lymphocytes. The results from 12 h post-gamma-ray exposure to fields of 0.23, 0.47 and 0.7 mT provide no support to the hypothesis. The power of the study was sufficient to exclude an ELF enhancement of chromosomal exchange of 10-15% (2SE).
PMID: 12799640 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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13: Gig Sanit. 2003 May-Jun;(3):14-6. Related Articles, Links
[Electromagnetic fields and people's health]
[Article in Russian]
Grigor'ev IuG.
A lot of data has been presently accumulated on an unfavorable effect produced by electromagnetic fields (EMF) of various frequencies on human organism. However, the mechanisms of the low-intensity EMF biological actions or the possibility of development of remote consequences are not clear until now. Due to this, the WHO formulated a so-called warning concept. The prerequisites of the mentioned recommendations as well as their topicality and possible application are under discussion.
PMID: 12852030 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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14: Radiats Biol Radioecol. 2003 May-Jun;43(3):351-4. Related Articles, Links
[Antitumor effect of joint action of low intensity electromagnetic fields and ultra low doses of doxorubicin]
[Article in Russian]
Ostrovskaia LA, Budnik MI, Korman DB, Bliukhterova NV, Fomina MM, Rykova VA, Burlakova EB.
Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991 Russia. l.ostrovskaya@chph.ras.ru
Combined action of a low intensive physical factor and a chemotherapeutic agent in ultralow doses against Lewis lung carcinoma was studied. Antitumor activity of low intensiwe electromagnetic field was expressed as inhibition of tumor growth at 60% compare to control. Ultra low doses of doxorubicin as well as its standard dose resulted in inhibition of tumor growth by 60-70% in comparison with control. Joint action of both factors leaded to increasing in the antitumor effect that reached such level of tumor growth inhibition as 85% relative to control.
PMID: 12881995 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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15: Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss. 2003 Apr;96 Spec No 3:30-4. Related Articles, Links
The interference of electronic implants in low frequency electromagnetic fields.
Silny J.
Research Center for Bioelectromagnetic Interaction (femu), University Hospital of Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
Electronic implants such as cardiac pacemakers or nerve stimulators can be impaired in different ways by amplitude-modulated and even continuous electric or magnetic fields of strong field intensities. For the implant bearer, possible consequences of a temporary electromagnetic interference may range from a harmless impairment of his well-being to a perilous predicament. Electromagnetic interferences in all types of implants cannot be covered here due to their various locations in the body and their different sensing systems. Therefore, this presentation focuses exemplarily on the most frequently used implant, the cardiac pacemaker. In case of an electromagnetic interference the cardiac pacemaker reacts by switching to inhibition mode or to fast asynchronous pacing. At a higher disturbance voltage on the input of the pacemaker, a regular asynchronous pacing is likely to arise. In particular, the first-named interference could be highly dangerous for the pacemaker patient. The interference threshold of cardiac pacemakers depends in a complex way on a number of different factors such as: electromagnetic immunity and adjustment of the pacemaker, the composition of the applied low-frequency fields (only electric or magnetic fields or combinations of both), their frequencies and modulations, the type of pacemaker system (bipolar, unipolar) and its location in the body, as well as the body size and orientation in the field, and last but not least, certain physiological conditions of the patient (e.g. inhalation, exhalation). In extensive laboratory studies we have investigated the interference mechanisms in more than 100 cardiac pacemakers (older types as well as current models) and the resulting worst-case conditions for pacemaker patients in low-frequency electric and magnetic fields. The verification of these results in different practical everyday-life situations, e.g. in the fields of high-voltage overhead lines or those of electronic article surveillance systems is currently in progress. In case of the vertically-oriented electric 50 Hz fields preliminary results show that per 1 kV/m unimpaired electrical field strength (rms) an interference voltage of about 400 microVpp as worst-case could occur at the input of a unipolar ventricularly controlled, left-pectorally implanted cardiac pacemaker. Thus, already a field strength above ca. 5 kV/m could cause an interference with an implanted pacemaker. The magnetic fields induces an electric disturbance voltage at the input of the pacemaker. The body and the pacemaker system compose several induction loops, whose induced voltages rates add or subtract. The effective area of one representing inductive loop ranges from 100 to 221 cm2. For the unfavourable left-pectorally implantated and atrially-controlled pacemaker with a low interference threshold, the interference threshold ranges between 552 and 16 microT (rms) for magnetic fields at frequencies between 10 and 250 Hz. On this basis the occurrence of interferences with implanted pacemakers is possible in everyday-life situations. But experiments demonstrate a low probability of interference of cardiac pacemakers in practical situations. This apparent contradiction can be explained by a very small band of inhibition in most pacemakers and, in comparison with the worst-case, deviating conditions.
PMID: 12741329 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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16: Gig Sanit. 2003 Mar-Apr;(2):56-8. Related Articles, Links
[Hygienic evaluation of the combined effect of electromagnetic fields and pesticides in experimental conditions]
[Article in Russian]
Chernykh AM.
The paper deals with the evaluation of combined effects of some natural and anthropogenic factors that are typical of the Kursk magnetic anomaly region by means of dispersion analysis in the experiments on albino rats and mice. The resultant signs were the indices of animal deaths, nonspecific protective factors, immune responses, changes in body weight, etc. A higher geomagnetic field can modify the biological effects of exposure to agricultural chemicals. The combined effects of a static electromagnetic field with induction of 300 microT to 0.3 T and of chlorpyrifos at various concentrations (0.1, 1, 50, and 100 mg/kg) were found to potentiate the toxic properties of the pesticide. The proportion of the potentiation effects increased as the intensity of the studied factors rose. The dispersion analysis established a predominant role of chlorpyrifos in the combined effects of the factors on the death of animals, serum complementary activity, antibody- and rosette-forming cells of the spleen and other lymphoid organs. The role of a static electromagnetic field is prevalent in the formation of effects of the intensity and completeness of phagocytosis.
PMID: 12861697 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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17: Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys. 2003 Feb;67(2 Pt 1):022902. Epub 2003 Feb 13. Related Articles, Links
Electromagnetic optimization of light-harvesting proteins.
Etchegoin P, Maher RC.
The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, SW7 2BW London, United Kingdom. p.etchegoin@ic.ac.uk
The problem of electromagnetic optimization of the structure of light-harvesting proteins is studied within a simplified diffraction scheme. It is suggested that evolutionary pressures for protein antennae has resulted in molecular structures that optimize the absorption in the light-sensitive pigments. Bacteriorhodopsin is shown to be an exceptional case in terms of optimization, a fact that can be connected to its extremely high sensitivity as a light detector down to a single photon level.
PMID: 12636726 [PubMed]
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18: Yonsei Med J. 2003 Feb;44(1):133-7. Related Articles, Links
How much are anesthesiologists exposed to electromagnetic fields in operating rooms?
Lee JH, Lee HC, Kim HD, Kim JY, Kim DW, Nam YT, Kim KJ.
Department of Anesthesiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Korea. kkj6063@yumc.yonsei.ac.kr
Numerous electronic devices have been introduced into the operating room. Although little is known about the relationship between exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF) and health hazards, some authors reported its association with cancer or other diseases. We measured the amount of EMF exposure that an anesthesiologist gets in the operating room. The density of the magnetic field was checked by an extremely low frequency (ELF) field strength measurement system in the 19 operating rooms of our hospital. We measured the magnetic field intensity at a distance of 30 cm, 50 cm, and at the place where the anesthesiologist usually stands from the center of the main monitor. The average exposure quantities of magnetic fields in 19 operating rooms were 2.22 +/- 1.13 mG at 30 cm, 1.29 +/- 0.84 mG at 50 cm and 1.00 +/- 0.78 mG at the anesthesiologist's standing points respectively. Because quantities over 2 or 3 mG were accepted to be high radiation levels of EMF by many reports describing the hazards of EMF, we set 2 mG to be the cutoff value. In some of the 19 operating rooms, the measured EMF density exceeded our cutoff value. Although the health hazards related to EMF exposure are still equivocal, anesthesiologists should consider making an effort to improve their environment and reduce their exposure to EMF.
PMID: 12619186 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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19: Acta Physiol Pharmacol Bulg. 2003;27(2-3):89-100. Related Articles, Links
About the biological effects of high and extremely high frequency electromagnetic fields.
Mileva K, Georgieva B, Radicheva N.
SESRC, South Bank University, London, UK.
This paper deals with the effects of high (microwave) and extremely high (millimetre waves, MMW) frequency electromagnetic fields on the membrane processes and ion channels, molecular complexes, excitable and other structures. Microwaves as well as millimetre waves are widely used in medical practice and in everyday life. The existence of interaction between the exogenous and endogenous electromagnetic fields with biological systems is now a subject of intense discussion. The most contentious question is the existence of a possible specific (non-thermal) effect of microwaves, unrelated to that caused by increased temperature. Although numerous data have been published on the possible non-thermal effects of the studied electromagnetic fields on different kinds of living systems, only little understanding is gained about the modes of microwave action. Here we review data, which provide evidence that non-thermal microwave effects do exist and may play a significant role. This evidence is based on research at all biological levels, from cell-free systems through cells, tissues and organs, to animal and human organisms.
Publication Types:
* Review
* Review, Tutorial
PMID: 14570154 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
20: Fiziol Zh. 2003;49(2):35-44. Related Articles, Links
[Mechanisms of primary reception of electromagnetic waves of optical range]
[Article in Ukrainian]
Huliar SO, Lymans'kyi IuP.
A.A. Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, ZEPTER-Medical Sciences Information Center, Kiev.
An existence of separate functional system of regulation of electromagnetic balance of organism has been substantiated and a working conception of light therapy has been formulated. As a basis, there is a possibility to use the acupuncture points for input of biologically necessary electromagnetic waves into the system of their conductors in a body that might be considered as a transport facility for energy of the polarized electromagnetic waves. Zones-recipients are organs having an electromagnetic disbalance due to excess of biologically inadequate radiation and being the targets for peroxide oxidation. Foremost, a body has the neurohormonal and immune regulatory systems. Electromagnetic stimulation or modification of functions of the zones-recipients determines the achievement of therapeutic and useful effects, and their combination with local reparative processes allows to attain a clinical goal. We represent own and literary experimental data about the development of physiological responses (analgesia) to BIOPTRON-light exposure on the acupuncture points or biologically active zones. We show the experimental facts in support of a hypothesis that a living organism can perceive an action of the electromagnetic fields of optical range not only via the visual system, but also through the off-nerve receptors (specific energy-sensitive proteins detecting critical changes of energy in cells and functioning as the "sensory" cell systems), as well as via the acupuncture points. It confirms an important role of the electromagnetic waves of optical range in providing normal vital functions of living organisms. A current approach to BIOPTRON light therapy (by polarized polychromatic coherent low energy light) consists in combined (local and system) exposure of the electromagnetic waves within the biologically necessary range.
PMID: 12945112 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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21: Fiziol Zh. 2003;49(1):87-93. Related Articles, Links
[Changes in reactions in rats during hypokinesia and electromagnetic irradiation of ultrahigh frequency]
[Article in Ukrainian]
Temur'iants NA, Chuian OM, Verko NP, Moskovchuk OB, Tumaniants OM, Shyshko OIu, Min'ko VA, Kurtseitova EE.
Tavritcheskiy University by V.I. Vernadsky, Sympheropol.
The effects of low intensity electromagnetic fields (EMF) on the hypokinetic stress were studied on rats. It has been shown that exposure to EMF, combined with hypokinesia or without it, prevented the typical stress reaction on the limited motility. EMF was determined to modify the adaptive processes which resulted in the adaptive activation and limiting stress reaction. Adaptation was characterized with lower anxiety and excitability of the central nervous system, and a higher level of non-specific resistance, as compared to the stress reaction.
PMID: 12669526 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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22: Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2003;106(4):391-6. Related Articles, Links
Rapporteur report: other tissues.
Sienkiewicz Z.
National Radiological Protection Board, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RQ, UK. zenon.sienkiewicz@nrpb.org
This report covers the session devoted to 'other tissues'. It considers the effects of internal electric fields such as those induced by exposure to weak, extremely low frequency (ELF) electromagnetic fields, on cardiac physiology, neuroendocrine (pineal) function and on the processes of tissue repair and embryonic development. Summaries are provided for each of the papers presented, and the major aspects of the plenary session are discussed. Overall, these tissues and processes were not considered to be sensitive to the direct effects of weak ELF fields, although indirect effects may occur via field induced changes to the central nervous system.
Publication Types:
* Congresses
PMID: 14690284 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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23: Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2003;106(4):357-61. Related Articles, Links
Rapporteur report: weak field interactions in the central nervous system.
Saunders RD.
National Radiological Protection Board, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire, UK. richard.saunders@nrpb.org
Experimental evidence was presented of the interaction of extremely low frequency (ELF) physiologically weak electric fields (that is, internal fields of around 1-1000 mV m(-1)) with tissues of the central nervous system and the consequences of this for visual and cognitive function. These internal fields are higher than those induced in the body by exposure to environmental EMFs, but are small compared to nerve excitation thresholds. Two papers considered the effect of weak electric fields directly applied to hippocampal tissue in vitro on neuronal excitability assessed from evoked responses and on the modulation of neural network activity involving large numbers of individual neurons. A review was presented of the effects on electrical measures of perceptual and cognitive processes and on the performance of various behavioural tasks in volunteers exposed to electromagnetic fields. Finally, two papers addressed the visual perception of flickering light--phosphenes--in volunteers exposed to ELF magnetic fields. The first examined possible physiological origins of this phenomenon and the second assessed the induced electric fields and currents in the retina, using complex dosimetric modelling. These papers were discussed in several plenary sessions and in one breakout group, all of which are briefly summarised in this report.
Publication Types:
* Congresses
PMID: 14690279 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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24: Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2003;106(4):341-8. Related Articles, Links
Interaction of low frequency electric fields with the nervous system: the retina as a model system.
Attwell D.
Department of Physiology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK. d.attwell@ucl.ac.uk
The retina provides an example of effects, the visually perceived 'phosphenes', being generated in nervous tissue by external electric or magnetic fields of low frequency and intensity. What is known about the cellular mechanisms by which the phosphenes are generated is reviewed, whether they provide useful information for setting limits on the magnitude of induced electric fields to which nervous tissue can be safely exposed is assessed, and some difficulties in translating these values of internal fields into safe values of external electric or magnetic fields are considered.
Publication Types:
* Review
* Review, Tutorial
PMID: 14690277 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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25: Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2003;106(4):317-9. Related Articles, Links
Rapporteur report: interaction mechanisms.
Veyret B.
PIOM Laboratory, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France. b.veyret@enscpb.fr
Three papers were presented in the session on the interaction mechanisms of weak electric fields induced in the body by exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields with biological systems, particularly the central nervous system. The first paper considered the plausibility of various interaction mechanisms. The second paper dealt with voltage gated ion channels and the way in which they could be involved in the generation of biological effects. The final paper described a kinetic proofreading mechanism, sensitive, in theory, to very low level perturbations. These papers were discussed in a plenary session and in one breakout group, all of which are briefly summarised in this report.
Publication Types:
* Congresses
PMID: 14690273 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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26: Radiats Biol Radioecol. 2003 Jan-Feb;43(1):87-92. Related Articles, Links
[Effects of low-intensity extremely high frequency electromagnetic radiation on chromatin structure of lymphoid cells in vivo and in vitro]
[Article in Russian]
Gapeev AB, Lushnikov KV, Shumilina IuV, Sirota NP, Sadovnikov VB, Chemeris NK.
Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290 Russia. gapeyev@ich.psn.ru
Using a comet assay technique, it was shown for the first time that low-intensity extremely high-frequency electromagnetic radiation (EHF EMR) in vivo causes oppositely directed effects on spatial organization of chromatin in cells of lymphoid organs. In 3 hrs after single whole-body exposure of NMRI mice for 20 min at 42.0 GHz and 0.15 mW/cm2, an increase by 16% (p < 0.03 as compared with control) and a decrease by 16% (p < 0.001) in fluorescence intensity of nucleoids stained with ethidium bromide were found in thymocytes and splenocytes, respectively. The fluorescence intensity of stained nucleoids in peripheral blood leukocytes was not changed after the exposure. The exposure of cells of Raji hunan lymphoid line and peripheral blood leukocytes to the EHF EMR in vitro induced a decrease in fluorescence intensity by 23% (p < 0.001) and 18% (p < 0.05), respectively. These effects can be determined by changes in a number of physiological alkali-labile sites in DNA of exposed cells. We suggested that the effects of low-intensity EHF EMR on the immune system cells are realized with the participation of neuroendocrine and central nervous systems.
PMID: 12677665 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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27: Wiad Lek. 2003;56(9-10):434-41. Related Articles, Links
[Application of variable magnetic fields in medicine--15 years experience]
[Article in Polish]
Sieron A, Cieslar G.
Katedra i Klinika Chorob Wewnetrznych, Angiologii i Medycyny Fizykalnej SAM, ul. Batorego 15, 41-902 Bytom. sieron@mediclub.pl
The results of 15-year own experimental and clinical research on application of variable magnetic fields in medicine were presented. In experimental studies analgesic effect (related to endogenous opioid system and nitrogen oxide activity) and regenerative effect of variable magnetic fields with therapeutical parameters was observed. The influence of this fields on enzymatic and hormonal activity, free oxygen radicals, carbohydrates, protein and lipid metabolism, dielectric and rheological properties of blood as well as behavioural reactions and activity of central dopamine receptor in experimental animals was proved. In clinical studies high therapeutic efficacy of magnetotherapy and magnetostimulation in the treatment of osteoarthrosis, abnormal ossification, osteoporosis, nasosinusitis, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, spastic paresis, diabetic polyneuropathy and retinopathy, vegetative neurosis, peptic ulcers, colon irritable and trophic ulcers was confirmed.
Publication Types:
* Review
* Review, Tutorial
PMID: 15049208 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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28: Bioelectromagnetics. 2002 Dec;23(8):568-77. Related Articles, Links
Occupational exposures to high frequency electromagnetic fields in the intermediate range ( >300 Hz-10 MHz).
Floderus B, Stenlund C, Carlgren F.
Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. birgitta.floderus@imm.ki.se
The aim of this study was to identify work situations with electromagnetic fields of 300 Hz-10 MHz and to characterize the occupational exposure. Work place investigations included descriptions of the work environment and physical measurements. We estimated electric (E) and magnetic (H) fields by spot measurements in air, by logged exposure data, and when possible, we recorded induced currents in limbs. The instruments used were Wandel and Golterman EFA-3, NARDA 8718, Holaday HI-3702. The exposure sources comprised five induction furnaces, seven induction heaters, one surface treatment equipment, four units of electronic article surveillance (EAS), and medical devices for surgery and muscle stimulation. The induction furnaces operated at 480 Hz-7 kHz, and the maximum values of logged data varied between 512-2,093 V/m (E field) and 10.5-87.3 A/m (H field). The induction heaters (3.8 kHz-1.25 MHz) also showed high maximum exposure values of both E and H fields. Three EAS units, an electromagnetic plate at a library, a luggage control unit, and an antitheft gate, showed E fields reaching 658-1,069 V/m. The H fields were comparatively lower, except for the antitheft gate (5 and 7.5 kHz) showing a maximum value of 27.2 A/m (recorded during repair). Induced currents of 5-13 mA were measured for the medical devices. The study improves the basis for an exposure assessment for epidemiological studies of long term effects of exposures to high frequency electromagnetic fields. Copyright 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
PMID: 12395411 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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29: Gesundheitswesen. 2002 Dec;64(12):651-6. Related Articles, Links
[In the consumers' interest: precautionary principles for protection against electromagnetic fields]
[Article in German]
Dehos A, Weiss W.
Bundesamt fur Strahlenschutz, Institut fur Strahlenhygiene. adehos@bfs.de
The considerable increase in using mobile communication which will increase when new technologies, such as UMTS, are introduced has resulted in further public interest concerning the possible health risks from electromagnetic fields of cellular phone networks. In view of evaluating the scientific state-of-the art, it has been shown that based on the available scientific results, the individual risk in view of proved health consequences is considered low. There are, however, indications of biological effects of high-frequency electromagnetic fields, even at intensities below the currently applied limit values or recommendations for limit values. Although the health relevance of these effects is still unclear, they give reason to precautionary measures with the object to minimise possible health risks which might affect a large number of persons. The precautionary measures recommended by the Federal Office for Radiation Protection include three principles: 1. Exposure of the general public to electromagnetic fields should be as low as possible. This applies for both the fixed parts of cellular phone networks and for mobile phones. 2. The population should be informed of risks in an objective and comprehensive way and be involved in the decisions on the construction and operation of cellular phone networks. 3. Scientific uncertainties should be reduced by means of well-directed research programmes. These precautionary measures and the significance of limit values are explained below.
PMID: 12516016 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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30: Vopr Kurortol Fizioter Lech Fiz Kult. 2002 Nov-Dec;(6):5-9. Related Articles, Links
[Basic etiological factors, pathogenetic mechanisms, and clinical forms of meteopathic reactions]
[Article in Russian]
Zunnunov ZP.
The paper reviews basic etiological factors of meteopathic reactions, presents a scheme of pathogenetic mechanisms of the development and clinical classification. Meteopathic reactions are attributed to the following causing factors: atmospheric electromagnetic impacts ("storms"), change of thermobaric situation ("hypoxic weather for "spastic"), weather situation of the intermediate type. Pathogenetic mechanisms of meteopathic reactions provoke the following developments: electromagnetic impacts irritate the cells of afferent nervous ends, weather hypoxic conditions aggravate lack of oxygen of affected organs and tissues, spasm of vascular smooth muscles worsens transport of oxygen to organs and tissues causing capillary-trophic insufficiency. Clinically, meteopathic reactions run latently or manifest as aggrevation of preexisting diseases. Hence, meteopathic reactions are divided into cerebral, cardial, respiratory, peripheral, abdominal (visceral) and combined; mild, moderate and severe.
Publication Types:
* Review
* Review, Tutorial
PMID: 12592895 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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31: Health Phys. 2002 Sep;83(3):366-75. Related Articles, Links
Weak electric field interactions in the central nervous system.
Saunders RD, Jefferys JG.
National Radiological Protection Board, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire. richard.saunders@nrpb.org
Exposure to extremely low frequency electric and magnetic fields will induce electric fields and currents within the body, but these are almost always much lower than those that can stimulate peripheral nerve tissue. Guidance on exposure to such fields has been published by NRPB and ICNIRP, which is based on the avoidance of acute effects in the central nervous system. Weak electric field effects, below action potential thresholds, have been demonstrated in vitro in brain slice preparations; thresholds can be estimated to be above about 1 mV mm(-1) (around 100 mA m(-2), taking a brain tissue conductivity of around 0.1 S m(-1)), depending on stimulus conditions. Some studies suggest possible effects at lower induced field strengths. The intact nervous system might be expected to be more sensitive to induced electric fields and currents than in vitro preparations, due to a higher level of spontaneous activity and a greater number of interacting neurons. There is good evidence that electrically excitable cells in the retina can be affected in vivo by induced currents as low as 10 mA m(-2). It has been suggested that induced current densities above 10 mA m(-2) may have effects on other central nervous system functions but few studies have been carried out. Further research in experimental animals using both in vitro and in vivo approaches is needed to clarify this issue.
PMID: 12199550 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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32: Health Phys. 2002 Sep;83(3):341-55. Related Articles, Links
Neuroelectric mechanisms applied to low frequency electric and magnetic field exposure guidelines--part I: sinusoidal waveforms.
Reilly JP.
jpatrickreilly@erols.com
Electric and magnetic field exposure guidelines are developed from established mechanisms of bioelectric interaction. Such mechanisms involve phenomena of electrostimulation-the functional influence of applied electrical forces on nerve and muscle, and, at quasi-static frequencies, on magneto-dynamic mechanisms. The paper develops criteria of human reactions based on theoretical models with parametric values derived from experimental observations. These basic restrictions on electrostimulation effects are referenced to the induced in situ electric fields. Basic limitations are differentiated for induction in the heart, peripheral nerves, the extremities, and the central nervous system. The paper recommends maximum permissible exposure limits which account for (a) adverse reaction criteria, (b) statistical distribution of reaction thresholds, and (c) acceptability factors. From the basic limitations the paper further develops reference levels which apply to environmental electric or magnetic fields.
PMID: 12199548 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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33: Health Phys. 2002 Sep;83(3):324-32. Related Articles, Links
Exposure guidelines for low-frequency electric and magnetic fields: report from the Brussels workshop.
Sheppard AR, Kavet R, Renew DC.
ashersheppard@compuserve.com
The EMF Exposure Guidelines Science Workshop was held to evaluate the information base for guidelines for electric and magnetic field exposures at extremely low frequencies, to identify research needs, and to discuss how best to apply scientific knowledge in developing exposure recommendations. Although the existing guideline values are based on electrostimulation of nerve and muscle tissues, guidelines must also consider controversial studies of potential health effects from chronic exposures at environmental levels that are far too weak to cause electrostimulation. The size of the safety factor applied in specifying exposure limits reflects a variety of factors that introduce uncertainties. These include confidence in existing dose-effect relationships, population diversity, the reliability and precision of techniques to control over-exposure, and completeness of the information base, particularly regarding long-term effects. Specific research questions that can change the level of uncertainty meaningfully were identified in these areas: biophysical mechanisms of electrostimulation; the range of thresholds throughout exposed populations; cancer causation in children and adults, including a possible role for contact currents; cognitive, behavioral, and physiological effects on the central nervous system; improved dosimetry; and better understanding of electromagnetic interference with implanted biomedical devices such as pacemakers, defibrillators, and physiological monitors. This report introduces ten papers from the workshop that address these and related topics in detail.
PMID: 12199546 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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34: Radiats Biol Radioecol. 2002 Sep-Oct;42(5):533-45. Related Articles, Links
[Effects of extremely high-frequency electromagnetic radiation on the immune system and systemic regulation of homeostasis]
[Article in Russian]
Lushnikov KV, Gapeev AB, Chemeris NK.
Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290 Russia.
Low-intensity of electromagnetic radiation of extremely high frequencies (EHF EMR) is effectively used in medical practice for diagnostics, prevention and treatment of a broad spectrum of diseases of different etiology. However, in spite of existence of many hypotheses about mechanisms of EHF EMR effects on the molecular and cellular levels of organization of living systems, there is not conception that could explain all diversity of the EHF-therapy effects from unified approach. In our opinion, the problem of determination of mechanisms of EHF EMR effects on living organism is divided into two basic tasks: first, determining subcellular structures which can receive radiation, and, second, studying physiological reactions of the organism which are caused by radiation. It is obviously, that investigation of functions of single cells and subcellular elements can not entirely explain therapeutic effects and mechanisms of EHF EMR influence on multicellular organism on the whole. Plenty of functional relationships between organs and systems of organs should be taken into account. In the present review, a realization of the EHF-therapy effects due to the influence on immune system functions and start of system mechanisms of maintenance of the homeostasis on the organism level is hypothesized. Potential targets for EHF EMR acception on the level of different systems of the organism are analysed. The material is formed so that functional relations between immune system and other regulatory systems (nervous and endocrine systems) are traced.
Publication Types:
* Review
* Review, Tutorial
PMID: 12449822 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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35: Epidemiol Prev. 2002 Jul-Aug;26(4):171-5. Related Articles, Links
[Subjective non-specific symptoms related with electromagnetic fields: description of 2 cases]
[Article in Italian]
Gobba F.
Dipartimento di scienze igienistiche, Universita di Modena e Reggio Emilia via Campi 287, 41100 Modena. f.gobba@unimo.it
In Italy, as in other countries, an apparently increasing number of subjects is reporting a variety of subjective symptoms that the subjects themselves refer to the exposure to electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields (EMF) from nearby electric appliances, cellular phones, antennas, etc. Terms like electricity hypersensitivity (EHS), EMF hypersensitivity, or other similar, are frequently adopted to describe such symptoms; nevertheless, up to now, these terms are not entered the medical terminology. No accepted diagnostic criteria or procedures for the diagnosis of EHS are currently available. Furthermore, apart from the subject's self-attribution of the symptoms to EMFs, no direct cause-effect relationship between EHS symptoms and electromagnetic fields has been proved; additionally, evidence of a possible pathogenetic mechanism is lacking. In this paper, two cases developing symptoms of EHS ascribed to overhead power line in the proximity of their house are discussed. Nervous system (asthenia, depression, paraesthesias etc.), cardiovascular system (cardiac palpitations) and the skin (tingling, itching, etc.), are mostly (but not exclusively) involved. Based on available scientific knowledge, the rationale for an approach to subjects claiming for EHS is discussed. The establishment of a National archive for the collection of cases is communicated.
Publication Types:
* Case Reports
PMID: 12408003 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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36: Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2002 Jul;23 Suppl 2:4-104. Related Articles, Links
Light, endocrine systems and cancer - facts and research perspectives. Proceedings and abstracts of the Cologne Light Symposium 2002. May 2-3. 2002. Cologne, Germany.
[No authors listed]
Publication Types:
* Congresses
* Overall
PMID: 12163856 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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37: Bioelectrochemistry. 2002 May 15;56(1-2):207-9. Related Articles, Links
Understanding conditions for which biological effects of nonionizing electromagnetic fields can be expected.
Weaver JC.
Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Room 16 319, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. jim@hstbme.mit.edu
Scientific interest in the interaction of nonionizing electromagnetic fields with biological systems is longstanding, but often still controversial. Theories, models and computer simulations have usually emphasized physical interactions with subsystems (e.g. cell membranes) of a biological system. By extending this first necessary physical step to a second step of explicitly and quantitatively considering chemical changes, increased understanding appears possible. In the case of "strong fields", the role of field-altered chemistry is important to electrochemotherapy [Biochem. Pharmacol. 42, Suppl. (1991) 567] and creation of transdermal microconduits [Bioelectrochem. Bioenerg. 49 (1999) 11; J. Controlled Release 61 (1999) 185; J. Invest. Dermatol. 116 (2001) 40] For "weak fields" (a topic with much more controversy) consideration of chemical change shows that organized multicellular systems can be understood to respond to extremely small electric [Chaos 8 (1998) 576] or magnetic fields [Nature 405 (2000) 707]. In contrast, isolated individual cells interacting via voltage-gated channels [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 92 (1995) 3740; Biophys. J. 75 (1998) 2251; Bioelectromagnetics 20 (1999) 102], or processes without "temperature compensation" [Biophys. J. 76 (1999) 3026], appear implausible. Satisfactory understanding is likely only if experimental and theoretical work is reconciled, which should therefore be emphasized. The interaction of electromagnetic fields with biological systems is of interest because of fundamental scientific curiosity, potential medical benefits and possible human health hazards.
PMID: 12009476 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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38: Phys Rev Lett. 2002 Mar 11;88(10):100401. Epub 2002 Feb 26. Related Articles, Links
Multimode interferometer for guided matter waves.
Andersson E, Calarco T, Folman R, Andersson M, Hessmo B, Schmiedmayer J.
Department of Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden.
Atoms can be trapped and guided with electromagnetic fields, using nanofabricated structures. We describe the fundamental features of an interferometer for guided matter waves, built of two combined Y-shaped beam splitters. We find that such a device is expected to exhibit high contrast fringes even in a multimode regime, analogous to a white light interferometer.
PMID: 11909331 [PubMed]
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39: J Neurosurg. 2002 Feb;96(2):331-4. Related Articles, Links
Electromagnetic field hazards involving adjustable shunt valves in hydrocephalus.
Schneider T, Knauff U, Nitsch J, Firsching R.
Department of Neurosurgery, and Institute of Fundamental Electrical Engineering and Electromagnetic Compatibility, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany. Thomas.Schneider@medizin.uni-magdeburg.de
OBJECT: Standard therapy for hydrocephalus involves shunts and valves, which are frequently adjustable. Because of increasing "electromagnetic smog" (for example, that generated by cellular phones), these valves are often exposed to electromagnetic fields. METHODS: Various magnetic fields were tested for their effects on two different kinds of adjustable valves. The minimum magnetic flux density affecting the adjustment of the valve was determined. Results were compared with magnetic fields found in contemporary everyday life. In homogeneous magnetic fields the adjustment of one valve (Sophysa model SM8) was changed at 5 mT, whereas the second valve (Codman Hakim model CM) was not affected. In nonhomogeneous fields the SM8 valve was affected at 25 mT and the CM valve at 15 mT. Thus, these valves may be affected by headphones and telephone receivers. Surroundings such as the Japanese magnetic suspension railway and the lead cabin of electrical railway engines, in which critical levels of magnetic flux may be present, may also affect adjustable valves. The high-frequency fields of cellular phones, however, have no effect on these valves. CONCLUSIONS: Every surgeon who implants these valves and every patient who receives them should know the possible hazards. The valve selection should be adapted to the environment of the patient. Devices with critical levels of electromagnetic flux that are used in the homes of patients should be replaced by ones with lower magnetic fields. The future construction of these valves should be modified in such a way that their adjustment requires a higher magnetic flux density, so that the valves become less sensitive to unwanted effects from environmental magnetic fields.
PMID: 11838808 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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40: Arch Med Res. 2002 Jan-Feb;33(1):29-32. Related Articles, Links
Effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on hematologic and immunologic parameters in welders.
Dasdag S, Sert C, Akdag Z, Batun S.
Department of Biophysics, Medical School of Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey. dasdag@dicle.edu.tr
BACKGROUND: Electric arc welding is known to cause considerable exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields. Although some studies of exposure to magnetic fields and epidemiologic studies have included groups of welders, typically little information is available concerning the hematologic and immunologic effects of ELF electromagnetic fields on welders. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to investigate whether or not extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF EMF) emitted from electric arc welding affect some hematologic and immunologic parameters of welders. METHODS: The study was carried out on 16 male welders and 14 healthy males between 20 and 40 years of age from the same geographic area and with similar life styles. The following hematologic and immunologic parameters were measured in both groups: red blood cells (RBC); hemoglobin (Hgb); hematocrit (Hct); platelets (Plt); total white blood cells (WBC); neutrophils; lymphocytes; eosinophils; and CD3, CD4, CD8, and CD4/CD8. RESULTS: Some of the hematologic and immunologic parameters under investigation were similar in both groups. Although T lymphocyte surface antigens, such as levels of CD4 and CD8(,) were found to be lower in the welders than in the control subjects (p <0.001, p <0.05), the hematocrit levels of the welders were found to be higher than those of the control subjects (p <0.05). However, the differences observed were not clinically significant. ELF electromagnetic field intensities in the welding areas varied between 0.10 and 0.25 mT. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that ELF electromagnetic fields do not affect the hematologic and immunologic parameters of welders.
PMID: 11825628 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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41: Biofizika. 2002 Jan-Feb;47(1):71-7. Related Articles, Links
[Suppression of nonspecific resistance of the body under the effect of extremely high frequency electromagnetic radiation of low intensity]
[Article in Russian]
Kolomytseva MP, Gapeev AB, Sadovnikov VB, Chemeris NK.
Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290 Russia.
The dynamics of leukocyte number and functional activity of peripheral blood neutrophils under whole-body exposure of healthy mice to low-intensity extremely-high-frequency electromagnetic radiation (EHF EMR, 42.0 GHz, 0.15 mW/cm2, 20 min daily) was studied. It was shown that the phagocytic activity of peripheral blood neutrophils was suppressed by about 50% (p < 0.01 as compared with the sham-exposed control) in 2-3 h after the single exposure to EHF EMR. The effect persisted for 1 day after the exposure, and then the phagocytic activity of neutrophils returned to the norm within 3 days. A significant modification of the leukocyte blood profile in mice exposed to EHF EMR for 5 days was observed after the cessation of exposures: the number of leukocytes increased by 44% (p < 0.05 as compared with sham-exposed animals), mostly due to an increase in the lymphocyte content. The supposition was made that EHF EMR effects can be mediated via the metabolic systems of arachidonic acid and the stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity, with subsequent increase in the intracellular cAMP level. The results indicated that the whole-body exposure of healthy mice to low-intensity EHF EMR has a profound effect on the indices of nonspecific immunity.
PMID: 11855293 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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42: Lik Sprava. 2002;(1):26-30. Related Articles, Links
[Effect of low intensity electromagnetic waves from cell phones on human health]
[Article in Ukrainian]
Kliap SI, Kuryk MV.
Data on the negative effect of low-intensity electromagnetic waves on organs and systems of the human body are submitted together with results of studies into efficiency of use of protective devices.
PMID: 11944372 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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43: Med Tr Prom Ekol. 2002;(9):10-8. Related Articles, Links
[Biologic effects and hygienic regulation of electromagnetic fields caused by mobile communication devices]
[Article in Russian]
Suvorov GA, Pal'tsev IuP, Rubtsova NB, Pokhodzei LV, Lazarenko NV, Kleshchenok OI, Petrova LP, Loshchilov IuA, Sterlikov AV, Romanov VA, Gavrish NN.
The authors present results of hygienic, physiologic and experimental studies and mathematic simulation of biologic effects. Experimental studies (by functional state of CNS and immune system, cytologic examination of rats' lens epithelium) on 450 and 900 MHz frequencies prove the intensity of 1,900 MW/cm2 to be hazardous for animals and supraliminal.
PMID: 12412335 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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44: NeuroRehabilitation. 2002;17(1):9-22. Related Articles, Links
Physical mechanisms in neuroelectromagnetic therapies.
Liboff AR, Jenrow KA.
Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA. liboff@oakland.edu
Physical parameters that are used to characterize different types of electromagnetic devices used in neurotherapy can include power, frequency, carrier frequency, current, magnetic field intensity, and whether an application is primarily electric or primarily magnetic. Currents can range from tens of microamperes to hundreds of milliamperes, magnetic fields from tens of microtesla to more than one tesla, and frequencies from a few Hz to more than 50 GHz. A division into three device categories is proposed, based on the current applied and the specificity of the therapeutic signal. Two research areas have great potential for new neuroelectromagnetic strategies. Studies of endogenous neural oscillatory states suggest using external fields to reinforce or inhibit such states. Also, various independent groups have reported that weak magnetic fields, in particular ion cyclotron resonance fields, are capable of sharply altering behavior in rats.
Publication Types:
* Review
* Review, Tutorial
PMID: 12016343 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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45: Ter Arkh. 2002;74(9):42-5. Related Articles, Links
[Effect of superhigh frequency electromagnetic fields and physical exercise on physical performance and extrasystole in myocardial ischemia patients with stable angina pectoris]
[Article in Russian]
Klemenkov SV, Chashchin NF, Kubushko IV, Klemenkov AS.
AIM: To study impact of UHF electromagnetic fields in combination with bicycle exercise on muscular performance (MP) and extrasystole (ES) in IHD patients with stable angina of functional class 1 and 2 (SA). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The trial included 112 IHD patients with SA and ES. 36 of them were exposed to coursed electromagnetic fields (40 W, on heart area). The other 42 patients received the same treatment and exercised on bicycle ergometer. 34 patients received placebo procedures and did therapeutic exercises. The effect was assessed with spiroveloergometry and ECG Holter ambulatory monitoring. RESULTS: It was found that 40 W UHF electromagnetic fields in combination with exercise on veloergometer exert a training effect in IHD patients with extrasystole manifesting with higher physical performance and coronary heart reserve. The antiarrhythmic effect consisted in a significant daily fall in mean ventricular ES number by 48.2%, supraventricular EX by 54.8%. CONCLUSION: Combined application of 40 W UHF electromagnetic fields on heart area with bicycle exercise is effective in IHD patients with ES.
Publication Types:
* Clinical Trial
* Controlled Clinical Trial
PMID: 12418119 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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46: Ugeskr Laeger. 2001 Dec 31;164(1):50-4. Related Articles, Links
[Exposure to electromagnetic fields and risk of central nervous system diseases among employees at Danish electric companies]
[Article in Danish]
Johansen C.
Institut for Epidemiologisk Kraeftforskning, Kraeftens Bekaempelse, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100 Kobenhavn. christof@cancer.dk
INTRODUCTION: Occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields has been associated with neurological diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, senile dementia, Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. MATERIAL AND METHOD: I studied the incidence of disease in the central nervous system in 30,631 persons employed at Danish electric companies between 1900 and 1993. I linked the cohort to the nationwide, population-based Danish National Register of Patients and compared the number of cases of these diseases found between 1978 and 1993 with the corresponding rates in the general population. In addition, I fit the data on utility workers to a multiplicative Poisson regression model in relation to estimated levels of exposure to 50 Hz electromagnetic fields. RESULTS: Overall, there was an increase in the risk of senile dementia and motor neuron diseases combined. The incidences of Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and other diseases of the central nervous system were essentially unrelated to exposure to electromagnetic fields. A decreased risk of epilepsy compared with the general population probably reflects a healthy worker effect; I observed an increased risk of epilepsy based on internal comparisons. DISCUSSION: The increased risk of senile dementia and motor neuron diseases may be associated with above average levels of exposure to electromagnetic fields.
PMID: 11810798 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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47: Immunol Invest. 2001 Nov;30(4):313-34. Related Articles, Links
Nonlinear determinism in the immune system. In vivo influence of electromagnetic fields on different functions of murine lymphocyte subpopulations.
Marino AA, Wolcott RM, Chervenak R, Jourd'heuil F, Nilsen E, Frilot C 2nd.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana 71130-3932, USA. amarino@lsuhsc.edu
Animal studies of the effects of low-frequency electromagnetic fields (EMFs) on the immune system appear inconsistent, and recent evidence indicates that inconspicuous experimental problems are not responsible. We hypothesized that the inconsistencies resulted from use of linear methods and models to study inherently nonlinear input-output relationships. Using a novel analytical method, we found that exposure of mice to 5 G, 60 Hz, for 1-105 days in 6 independent experiments consistently affected a broad panel of immune variables when and only when the reaction of the immune system was modeled to allow the possibility of nonlinearity in the relationship between the field and the immune variables. It was possible to mimic the pattern observed in the immune data by sampling from a known chaotic system, suggesting the possibility that the observed pattern was the result of intrinsic nonlinear regulatory mechanisms in the immune system. Overall, the results suggested that lymphoid sub-populations were vulnerable to the physiological consequences of EMF transduction, that it may never be possible to predict specific changes in particular immune-system variables, and that the underlying behavior of the immune system (that which occurs in the absence of specific inputs) may be governed by laws that manifest extreme sensitivity to prior states.
PMID: 11777283 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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48: Pol Merkuriusz Lek. 2001 Nov;11(65):447-51. Related Articles, Links
[Immunotropic effects of electromagnetic fields in the range of radio- and microwave frequencies]
[Article in Polish]
Dabrowski MP, Stankiewicz W, Sobiczewska E, Szmigielski S.
Zaklad Ochrony Mikrofalowej Wojskowego Instytutu Higieny i Epidemiologii w Warszawie.
On the grounds of reviewed literature and the results of own experiments, the authors present current views on the possible immunotropic influence of low energy electromagnetic fields, in the range of radio- and microwave frequencies. They conclude, that a more systematic and multidisciplinary investigations should be undertaken, comprising the wide spectrum of immune homeostatic tasks, including defensive, immunoregulatory and pro-regenerative capabilities of immune system exposed to rapid environmental spread of different electromagnetic emitters.
Publication Types:
* Review
* Review, Tutorial
PMID: 11852821 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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49: Radiats Biol Radioecol. 2001 Nov-Dec;41(6):706-11. Related Articles, Links
[Electromagnetic components of a modern urbanized environment]
[Article in Russian]
Bobrakov SN, Kartashev AG.
Research Institute of Biiology and Biophysics at Tomsk State University, Tomsk, 634045 Russia. snb@mail2000.ru
The investigations of intensity of electromagnetic field in the range of frequencies 30 MGz-300 GGz were carried out in Tomsk. The percentage contribution of every frequency subrange in to total intensity electromagnetic field of Tomsk was estimated. So for frequency range 30-100 MGz it corresponds to 4.3%; for 100-200 MGz--7.4%; for 200-300 MGz--4.6% and 300 MGz-300 GGz corresponds to 83.7%. Thus, the investigations of a level of electromagnetic field of an anthropogenous origin allowed estimation of the integrated level of electromagnetic field in the range of frequencies 30 MGz-300 GGz and construction of the spatial distribution of an electrical component of the field, and also revealing the basic sources of electromagnetic pollution.
PMID: 11785314 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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50: Ann Acad Med Singapore. 2001 Sep;30(5):489-93. Related Articles, Links
Electromagnetic fields and health outcomes.
Knave B.
National Institute for Working Life, S-11279 Stockholm, Sweden.
Over the past two decades, there has been increasing interest in the biological effects and possible health outcomes of weak, low-frequency electric and magnetic fields. Epidemiological studies on magnetic fields and cancer, reproduction and neurobehavioural reactions have been presented. More recently, neurological, degenerative and heart diseases have also been reported to be related to such electromagnetic fields. Furthermore, the increased use of mobile phones worldwide has focussed interest on the possible effects of radiofrequency fields of higher frequencies. In this paper, a summary is given on electromagnetic fields and health outcomes and what policy is appropriate--"no restriction to exposure", "prudent avoidance" or "expensive interventions"? The results of research studies have not been unambiguous; studies indicating these fields as being a health hazard have been published and so were studies indicating no risk at all. In "positive" studies, different types of effects have been reported despite the use of the same study design, e.g., in epidemiological cancer studies. There are uncertainties as to exposure characteristics, e.g., magnetic field frequency and exposure intermittence, and not much is known about possible confounding or effect-modifying factors. The few animal cancer studies reported have not given much help in risk assessment; and in spite of a large number of experimental cell studies, no plausible and understandable mechanisms have been presented by which a carcinogenic effect could be explained. Exposure to electromagnetic fields occurs everywhere: in the home, at work, in school, etc. Wherever there are electric wires, electric motors and electronic equipment, electromagnetic fields are created. This is one of the reasons why exposure assessment is difficult. For epidemiologists, the problems is not on the effect side as registers of diseases exist in many countries today. The problem is that epidemiologists do not know the relevant exposure characteristics to be used in their studies. In international guidelines, limits for restrictions of field exposure are several orders of magnitude above what can be measured from overhead power lines and found in "electrical" occupations. These guidelines emphasize that the state of scientific knowledge today does not warrant limiting exposure levels for the public and the work force, and that further data are required to confirm whether health hazards are present. In some countries, however, the "principle of caution" or "prudent avoidance" has been adopted; meaning the low-cost avoidance of unnecessary exposure as long as there is scientific uncertainty about its health effects.
PMID: 11603131 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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51: J Med Eng Technol. 2001 Sep-Oct;25(5):185-94. Related Articles, Links
The interference threshold of unipolar cardiac pacemakers in extremely low frequency magnetic fields.
Scholten A, Silny J.
femu -RWFH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany. scholten@femu.rwth-aachen.de
The effective induction loop area of implanted cardiac pacemaker (CPM) systems in magnetic fields was determined. The results were verified in a tank model placed in the centre of a Helmholtz-coil-arrangement. Both a left and a right pectorally implanted unipolar dual chamber CPM system were simulated. On this basis and with the results of benchmark-tests the interference thresholds for a collection of modern CPMs in extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic fields were estimated. The investigations clearly showed that there are two loops, the CPM-lead-tissue-loop and the body loop, responsible for the magnitude of the disturbance voltage on the input of a cardiac pacemaker. The effective induction loop areas rangedfrom 100 to 221 cm2. For a left pectorally implanted, atrially controlled CPM system the interference thresholds for the magnetic induction lay between 16 and 552 micro T (RMS) for frequencies of the magneticfield between 10 and 250 Hz. Thus, there is a limited possibility for an interference of implanted CPM by ELF magnetic fields in everyday life.
PMID: 11695658 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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52: Neurosci Behav Physiol. 2001 Sep-Oct;31(5):547-53. Related Articles, Links
Some neurotropic effects of low-intensity electromagnetic waves in rats with different typological characteristics of higher nervous activity.
Shtemberg AS, Uzbekov MG, Shikhov SN, Bazyan AS, Chernyakov GM.
Institute of Medical-Biological Problems, State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation, Moscow.
The effects of low-intensity electromagnetic waves (4200 MHz, modulated with quasichaotic signals at 20-20,000 Hz, energy density 15 microW/cm2; specific energy absorption not greater than 15 mJ/kg) on the neurochemical systems of the brain and on behavioral reactions were studied in experimental animals with different typological characteristics of higher nervous activity. These studies showed that electromagnetic waves produced marked changes in the state and activity of the monoaminergic mediator systems which were in general terms concordant with changes at the integrative level (mostly selective inhibitory effects). The nature of these processes depended to a significant extent on the typological characteristics of the animals.
PMID: 11693480 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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53: Biofizika. 2001 Jul-Aug;46(4):753-60. Related Articles, Links
[Effect of extremely high frequency electromagnetic radiation of low intensity on parameters of humoral immunity in healthy mice]
[Article in Russian]
Lushnikov KV, Gapeev AB, Sadovnikov VB, Cheremis NK.
Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290 Russia.
The modification of indices of the humoral immune response to thymus-dependent antigen (sheep erythrocytes) after a whole-body exposure of healthy mice to low-intensity extremely-high-frequency electromagnetic radiation was studied. Male NMRI mice were exposed in the far-field zone of horn antenna at a frequency of 42.0 GHz and energy flux density of 0.15 mW/cm2 under different regimes: once for 20 min, for 20 min daily during 5 and 20 successive days before immunization, and for 20 min daily during 5 successive days after immunization throughout the development of the humoral immune response. The intensity of the humoral immune response was estimated on day 5 after immunization by the number of antibody-forming cells of the spleen and antibody titers. Changes in cellularity of the spleen, thymus and red bone marrow were also assessed. The indices of humoral immunity and cellularity of lymphoid organs changed insignificantly after acute exposure and series of 5 exposures before and after immunization of the animals. However, after repeated exposures for 20 days before immunization, a statistically significant reduction of thymic cellularity by 17.5% (p < 0.05) and a decrease in cellularity of the spleen by 14.5% (p < 0.05) were revealed. The results show that low-intensity extremely-high-frequency electromagnetic radiation with the frequency and energy flux density used does not influence the humoral immune response intensity in healthy mice but influences immunogenesis under multiple repeated exposures.
PMID: 11558390 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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54: Biofizika. 2001 Jul-Aug;46(4):661-75. Related Articles, Links
[Model analysis of the effect of modulated electromagnetic fields with various parameters of modulating signals in cells]
[Article in Russian]
Gapeev AB, Sokolov PA, Chemeris NK.
Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290 Russia.
A theoretical analysis of the dependence of cell response to modulated electromagnetic fields on the parameters of modulating signals was performed on the basis of the model for calcium-dependent membrane-associated intracellular signaling systems. Expressed amplitude-frequency "windows" in the response of the nonlinear system to external influence were shown to depend on the effective time during which the amplitude of the influencing signal exceeded some threshold value, which is determined by the properties of the system. The presence of negative values in the influencing signal, i.e. the variations in the rate of some process around the inherent value, played an important role for the effect characteristics. The response of the nonlinear system to external influence strongly depended on the waveform of the modulating signal which is determined not only by frequency spectrum, but also by the initial phase of each frequency component. To ensure a regime for the optimal effect, the rates of increase and drop in the modulating signal amplitude should be synchronized with dynamic processes in the biological object being exposed.
PMID: 11558378 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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55: Radiats Biol Radioecol. 2001 Jul-Aug;41(4):403-7. Related Articles, Links
[Effect of low-intensity electromagnetic fields of industrial frequency on the ultrastructure and proliferative activity of rat's thymus cells]
[Article in Russian]
Zhitkevich TI, Bokut' TB, Netukova NI.
Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Sciences, Minsk, 220072 Belarus. biblio@fizio.bas-net.by
Effects of two types of low-intensity electromagnetic fields (EMF) of industrial frequency (50 Hz) on the fine structure and proliferative activity of thymic cells in white rats were studied. It was found that a weak EMF with a prevailing electrical component (380-480 V/m, 120-140 nT1) did not affect the DNA synthesis intensity. An EMF with a stronger magnetic induction (10-15 V/m, 800-1500 nT1) diminished the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity and proliferative processes in cultured stimulated lymphocytes. Electron microscopic investigation of the thymus after both types of exposure revealed an accumulation of lymphocytes with pyknotic nuclei and electron-dense cytoplasm, as well as hypoplasia of the vascular endothelium. At the same time, EMF with a prevailing magnetic component produced a more marked negative effect on the ultrastructure of thymic cells, which indicated a lowered secretory activity of epitheliocytes.
PMID: 11605242 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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56: Neuroreport. 2001 May 25;12(7):1501-5. Related Articles, Links
Human standing balance is affected by exposure to pulsed ELF magnetic fields: light intensity-dependent effects.
Prato FS, Thomas AW, Cook CM.
The Lawson Health Research Institute, Department of Nuclear Medicine and MR, St. Joseph's Health Care (London), Ontario, Canada.
There is evidence in animals that behavioral and physiological responses to static and extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELFMF) is affected by the presence of light during magnetic field exposures. Here we report that the effect of a specific pulsed ELFMF (PEMF) on human standing balance is modulated by light intensity during exposure. Under a low light condition (0.12 W/m2), nine healthy human volunteers stood on a 3D forceplate, throughout four 2 min exposures (eyes open/eyes close, sham/PEMF of 200 +/- 1 microTpk, order randomized). There was a significant increase in standing movement during PEMF exposure during eyes closed. In a second experiment on 26 normal subjects exposed to the identical protocol, but at greater light intensities (0.51 W/m2), a significant but opposite effect was observed.
PMID: 11388437 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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57: Biofizika. 2001 May-Jun;46(3):500-4. Related Articles, Links
[Mechanism of the effect of weak electromagnetic fields on the living body]
[Article in Russian]
Sidorenko VM.
St. Petersburg State University of Electrical Engeneering, ul. Professora Popova 5, St. Petersburg, 197376 Russia.
By using the model conceptions of the dielectric polarization theory, a new mechanism for the effect of electromagnetic field was proposed. The model enables one to explain the experimentally observed influence of low-frequency weak electromagnetic field on biological objects. It was shown that, at the cellular and subcellular levels, an increase in the intensity of the electric component of external electromagnetic field can occur. The magnitude of this increase is determined by the ratio of the contributions of the medium polarization and the depolarizing factor (which depends on body shape) to the total effect. As a result of this increase, a potential comparable with intrinsic biological values can be generated on neuron membranes, which must elicit nervous and physiological responses of the organism.
PMID: 11449551 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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58: Vopr Kurortol Fizioter Lech Fiz Kult. 2001 May-Jun;(3):10-3. Related Articles, Links
[Activation of sanogenesis mechanisms in central nervous system disorders]
[Article in Russian]
Mikhailov VP, Vizilo TL, Kuz'michev AA, Petrushenko KV.
Brain dysfunctions develop in brain injuries. Drug therapy is aimed at restitution processes which are often insufficient for recovery of impaired functions. Activation of the compensatory mechanisms of damaged and intact hemispheres will modify the time and qualitative characteristics of the restitution period. With this aim in view, transcranial electromagnetic stimulation in physiological range of efferent pathways and audiovisual stimulation of afferent pathways are recommended.
Publication Types:
* Review
* Review, Tutorial
PMID: 11550369 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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59: Bioelectromagnetics. 2001 Apr;22(3):200-4. Related Articles, Links
Why arguments based on photon energy may be highly misleading for power line frequency electromagnetic fields.
Vistnes AI, Gjotterud K.
Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. a.i.vistnes@fys.uio.no
When evaluating possible mechanisms by which low frequency electromagnetic fields may have a biological effect, arguments based on photon energy have often been used in a misleading way. For visible light the concept of photons has proved to be very useful in explaining experimental findings. However, the concept of photons cannot be used without major modifications in describing phenomena related to near field problems at power frequency (50 or 60 Hz) electric and magnetic fields. For this regime, the photon description is very complex. A very high number of highly coherent photons must be used in a quantum electrodynamic description of low frequency electromagnetic field phenomena. Thus, one-photon interaction descriptions must be replaced by multiple-photon interaction formalism. However, at low frequencies, a classical electromagnetic field description is far more useful than quantum electrodynamics. There is in principle no difference in how much energy an electron can pick up from a low frequency electric field as compared to from a high frequency photon. Thus, the total gain in energy is not limited to the energy carried by a single photon, which is E = hv, where h is Planck's constant and (v) is the frequency of the radiation. However, the time scale of the primary event in a mechanism of action is very different for ionizing radiation compared to power line frequency fields. The advice is to consider the time scale given by the inverse of the frequency of the fields, rather than photon energy, when one use physics as a guidance in evaluating possible mechanisms for biological effects from low frequency electromagnetic fields. Copyright 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
PMID: 11255216 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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60: Bioelectromagnetics. 2001 Jan;22(1):27-45. Related Articles, Links
Review of russian literature on biological action of DC and low-frequency AC magnetic fields.
Zhadin MN.
Laboratory of Neurocybernetics, Institute of Cell Biophysics, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia. xhadin@online.stack.net
This review considers the Russian scientific literature on the influence of weak static and of low-frequency alternating magnetic fields on biological systems. The review covers the most interesting works and the main lines of investigation during the period 1900 to the present. Shown here are the historical roots, beginning with the ideas of V. Vernadsky and A. Chizhevsky, which led in the field of Russian biology to an increasing interest in magnetic fields, based on an intimate connection between solar activity and life on the Earth, and which determined the peculiar development of Russian magnetobiology. The variety of studies on the effects of magnetic storms and extremely low-frequency, periodic variations of the geomagnetic field on human beings and animals as well as on social phenomena are described. The diverse experiments involving artificial laboratory magnetic fields acting on different biological entities under different conditions are also considered. A series of theoretical advances are reviewed that have paved the way for a step-by-step understanding of the mechanisms of magnetic field effects on biological systems. The predominantly unfavorable influence of magnetic fields on living beings is shown, but the cases of favorable influence of magnetic fields on human beings and lower animals are demonstrated as well. The majority of Russian investigations in this area of science has been unknown among the non-Russian speaking audience for many reasons, primarily because of a language barrier. Therefore, it is hoped that this review may be of interest to the international scientific community. Copyright 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Publication Types:
* Review
* Review, Academic
PMID: 11122491 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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61: Biomed Tech (Berl). 2001 Jan-Feb;46(1-2):18-23. Related Articles, Links
[Is CNS activity modified by pulsed electromagnetic fields?]
[Article in German]
Maier R.
Klinik fur Kommunikationsstorungen Universitat Mainz Langenbeckstr. 1 D-55101 Mainz.
In the present pilot study we examined the effects of electromagnetic fields on the biological organism. The study was prompted by discussions on the possible effects on the nervous system and cognitive processes of fields produced by mobile phones. The experiments were performed in an electrophysiological laboratory. Eleven volunteers were exposed to pulsed electromagnetic fields (GSM standard). The psychophysiological method of assessing the order threshold (Ordnungsschwelle = OS) was used to examine cognitive performance. Under the test conditions, nine of the subjects showed a loss of mental regeneration, as reflected by an increase in the OS, in comparison with the field-free situation. The results of our experiments suggest an influence of pulsed fields on the cognitive regeneration process.
Publication Types:
* Clinical Trial
PMID: 11258136 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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62: Crit Rev Biomed Eng. 2001;29(3):440-9. Related Articles, Links
Electromagnetic perception and individual features of human beings.
Lebedeva NN, Kotrovskaya TI.
Institute of Higher Nerve Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences. N.Leb@relcom.ru
An investigation was made of the individual reactions of human subjects exposed to electromagnetic fields. We performed the study on 86 volunteers separated into two groups. The first group was exposed to the electromagnetic field of infralow frequencies, whereas the second group was exposed to the electromagnetic field of extremely high frequencies. We found that the electromagnetic perception of human beings correlated with their individual features, such as EEG parameters, the critical frequency of flash merging, and the electric current sensitivity. Human subjects who had a high-quality perception of electromagnetic waves showed an optimal balance of cerebral processes, an excellent functional state of the central nervous system, and a good decision criterion.
PMID: 11730104 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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63: Med Tr Prom Ekol. 2001;(9):20-7. Related Articles, Links
[Nervous system effects caused by electromagnetic fields with frequency up to 400 kHz (review of literature)]
[Article in Russian]
Fatkhutdinova LM.
Publication Types:
* Review
* Review, Tutorial
PMID: 11685814 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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64: Neuroimmunomodulation. 2001;9(2):65-77. Related Articles, Links
Coincident nonlinear changes in the endocrine and immune systems due to low-frequency magnetic fields.
Marino AA, Wolcott RM, Chervenak R, Jourd'heuil F, Nilsen E, Frilot C 2nd, Pruett SB.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA. amarino@lsuhsc.edu
OBJECTIVE: The characteristic biological effects of low-frequency electromagnetic fields (EMFs) appear to be functional changes in the central nervous, endocrine and immune systems. For unapparent reasons, however, the results of similar studies have often differed markedly from one another. We recognized that it had generally been assumed, in the studies, that EMF effects would exhibit a dose-effect relationship, which is a basic property of linear systems. Prompted by recent developments in the theory on nonlinear systems, we hypothesized that there was a nonlinear relationship between EMFs and the effects they produced in the endocrine and immune systems. METHODS: We developed a novel analytical method that could be used to distinguish between linear and nonlinear effects, and we employed it to examine the effect of EMFs on the endocrine and immune systems. RESULTS: Mice exposed to 5 G, 60 Hz for 1-175 days in 7 independent experiments reliably exhibited changes in serum corticosterone and lymphoid phenotype when the data were analyzed while allowing that the field exposure and the resulting effects could be nonlinearly related. When the analysis was restricted to linear relationships, no effects due to the field were found. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicated that transduction of EMFs resulted in changes in both the endocrine and immune systems, and that the laws governing the changes in each system were not the type that govern conventional dose-effect relationships. Evidence based on mathematical modeling was found suggesting that the coincident changes could have been causally related. Copyright 2001 S. Karger AG, Basel
PMID: 11549888 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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65: Radiats Biol Radioecol. 2001 Jan-Feb;41(1):67-72. Related Articles, Links
[The study of some mechanisms of injurious effects of low-frequency noises]
[Article in Russian]
Pluzhnikov NN, Vladimirov VG, Zinkin VN, Voblikov IV, Vasil'eva IN, Rodionov GG, Malysheva IV, Zhakovko EB, Sharova LA, Shibanov EA.
Institute of Military Medicine, Ministry of Defence of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, 195043 Russia.
Low-frequency noise has been shown to cause certain functional changes in the organism of laboratory animals that manifest in changes of the state of the regulatory systems and metabolic disturbances at cellular and subcellular levels. The obtained data support the hypothesis of the mechanism of injurious effect of this physical factor including two basically correlated ways, i.e. the central mechanism associated with overexcitation of the hypotalamohypophysis-adrenal system and mediating the homeostatic parameters of the body, and the local one which is determined by a direct effect of low-frequency noise on highly organized structure of membraneous and genetic apparatus of cells.
PMID: 11253704 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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66: Braz J Med Biol Res. 2000 Oct;33(10):1141-8. Related Articles, Links
The neuroimmune-endocrine axis: pathophysiological implications for the central nervous system cytokines and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal hormone dynamics.
Licinio J, Frost P.
Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychiatric Institute, School of Medicine, University of California, os Angeles, CA 90095-1761, USA. licinio@ucla.edu
Cytokines are molecules that were initially discovered in the immune system as mediators of communication between various types of immune cells. However, it soon became evident that cytokines exert profound effects on key functions of the central nervous system, such as food intake, fever, neuroendocrine regulation, long-term potentiation, and behavior. In the 80's and 90's our group and others discovered that the genes encoding various cytokines and their receptors are expressed in vascular, glial, and neuronal structures of the adult brain. Most cytokines act through cell surface receptors that have one transmembrane domain and which transduce a signal through the JAK/STAT pathway. Of particular physiological and pathophysiological relevance is the fact that cytokines are potent regulators of hypothalamic neuropeptidergic systems that maintain neuroendocrine homeostasis and which regulate the body's response to stress. The mechanisms by which cytokine signaling affects the function of stress-related neuroendocrine systems are reviewed in this article.
Publication Types:
* Review
* Review, Tutorial
PMID: 11004714 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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67: Nature. 2000 Sep 28;407(6803):453. Related Articles, Links
An electromagnetic personality.
Livingston JD.
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 12309, USA.
PMID: 11028979 [PubMed]
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68: Biofizika. 2000 Sep-Oct;45(5):935-40. Related Articles, Links
[Effect of modified SHF and acoustic stimulation on spectral characteristics of the electroencephalograms of the cat brain]
[Article in Russian]
Ivanova VIu, Martynova OV, Aleinik SV, Limarenko AV.
Ykhtomskii Research Institute of Physiology, St. Petersburg State University, Russia.
The effect of modulated electromagnetic fields on the spectral parameters of bioelectric brain activity in awake cats was studied by registering the electroencephalogram from the skin surface in the vertex area using carbon electrodes. In the normal electroencephalogram, spectral components in the range above 20 Hz predominated. It was shown that, upon irradiation with electromagnetic field (basic frequency 980 MHz, power density 30-50 microW/cm2), spectral components in the range of 12-18 Hz begin to prevail. A similarity in the redistribution of the power of spectral components upon both acoustic and modulated electromagnetic influences was revealed. The results suggest that there is a a common neurophysiological mechanism by which modulated electromagnetic radiation and acoustic stimulation affect the electrical activity of the brain. This ia consistent with the assumption that the effect of the electromagnetic field on the central nervous system is mediated through the acoustic sensory system.
PMID: 11094726 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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69: Epidemiology. 2000 Sep;11(5):539-43. Related Articles, Links
Exposure to electromagnetic fields and risk of central nervous system disease in utility workers.
Johansen C.
Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, the Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen.
Occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields has been associated with neurological diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, senile dementia, Parkinson disease, and Alzheimer disease. I studied the incidence of central nervous system diseases in 30,631 persons employed in Danish utility companies between 1900 and 1993. I linked the cohort to the nationwide, population-based Danish National Register of Patients and compared the numbers of cases of these diseases observed between 1978 and 1993 with the corresponding rates in the general population. In addition I fit to the data on utility workers a multiplicative Poisson regression model in relation to estimated levels of exposure to 50-Hz electromagnetic fields. Overall, there was an increase in risk for senile dementia and motor neuron diseases combined. The incidences of Parkinson disease, Alzheimer disease, and other diseases of the central nervous system were essentially unrelated to exposure to electromagnetic fields. A decreased risk of epilepsy compared with the general population probably reflects a healthy worker effect; I observed an increased risk of epilepsy based on internal comparisons. The increased risk for senile dementia and motorneuron diseases may be associated with above-average levels of exposure to electromagnetic fields.
PMID: 10955406 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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70: Sheng Wu Yi Xue Gong Cheng Xue Za Zhi. 2000 Sep;17(3):298-300, 304. Related Articles, Links
[Study on human sensitivity of extremely low frequency electromagnetic field]
[Article in Chinese]
Tang S, Zheng C, Wang L, Wang H, Zhang J.
Biomedical Engineering Research Institution, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049.
In this paper, the action potential through membrane is calculated and analyzed based on the crowd model. The analysis shows that membrane action potential will be amplified if the coefficient k1, k2 meet some certain conditions. This effect could cause ionic current increase and even results in electroporation, membrane broken. The result can be used to explain some athermal bioeffect of living beings in weak EMF and is helpful for biomedicine application.
PMID: 11285841 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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71: Zh Vyssh Nerv Deiat Im I P Pavlova. 2000 Sep-Oct;50(5):878-83. Related Articles, Links
[The dynamics of the manifestation of behavioral audiogenic seizure activity in rats under the action of a modulated and a nonmodulated electromagnetic field]
[Article in Russian]
Konovalov VF, Serikov IS.
Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino.
It was shown that the electromagnetic field of low intensity modifies the evoked epileptiform seizure activity in rats. Cumulative effect of the electromagnetic field persisted over the course of 6 months. It was suggested that inhibition of the increased motor activity under exposure to electromagnetic field is caused by the involvement of dopaminergic brain systems and development of the resonance effects in cortico-subcortical brain structures under the influence of modulated electromagnetic fields.
PMID: 11085003 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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72: Zh Vyssh Nerv Deiat Im I P Pavlova. 2000 Sep-Oct;50(5):867-77. Related Articles, Links
[The neurotropic effects of low-intensity electromagnetic waves in rats with different typological characteristics of higher nervous activity]
[Article in Russian]
Shtemberg AS, Uzbekov MG, Shikhov SN, Bazian AS, Cherniakov GM.
National Research Center, Institute of Medical and Biological Problems, Moscow.
The effects of the ultralow-intensity electromagnetic fields (EMF, frequency of 4200 and 970 MHz, modulated by a quasistochastic signal in the range of 20-20,000 Hz, power density 15 microW/cm2, specific body absorption rate up to 4.5 mJ/kg) on the reactions of the central nervous system (CNS) of rats with different types of behavior were studied. Some neurochemical and behavioral mechanisms of rats' reactions were investigated. It was shown that the EMF produce pronounced changes in the state and activity of monoaminergic brain systems. These changes, on the whole, correspond to the alterations at the integrative level (predominantly, of the inhibitory character).
PMID: 11085002 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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73: Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris). 2000 Jul;49(4):238-44. Related Articles, Links
[Effect of external electrical interference on pacemakers]
[Article in French]
Frank R, Himbert C, Hidden-Lucet F, Petitot JC, Fontaine G.
Service de cardiologie, hopital Jean-Rostand, 39-41, rue Jean-le-Galleu, 94200 Ivry-sur-Seine, France.
Cardiac pacemaker are sensitive to many kind of electromagnetic interference (EMI). However the low rate of reported effects is due to many protective features. Risks are minimal in everyday life conditions as airport detectors, electronic anti-thief systems, domestic electrical appliances and even mobile phones with the most recent models. Interference detection can be prevented by "medically correct" setting, with the use of bipolar sensing, and ventricular sensitivity above 2 mV. The effect of EMI from the industrial world are difficult to assess and need an individual study. The most important risks occur in the medical world, with the electrocutary, thransthoracic DC shocks, and magnetic resonance imaging.
Publication Types:
* Review
* Review, Tutorial
PMID: 12555485 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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74: Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr. 2000 Jul;68(7):289-300. Related Articles, Links
[The study of central nervous information processing with transcranial magnetic stimulation]
[Article in German]
Herwig U, Schonfeldt-Lecuona C.
Abt. Psychiatrie III, Universitatsklinik Ulm. uwe.herwig@medizin.uni-ulm.de
In cognitive neuroscience different methods are used to study central nervous information processing. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive, well tolerated technique to interfere with cortical neuronal activity with high temporal and fair spatial resolution. In the past 10 years the use of TMS expanded from its application as a diagnostic routine procedure in neurology to the study of various cognitive functions. In this paper the physical and technical aspects of TMS and studies on the effects of single pulse versus repetitive TMS in the motor cortex are reviewed. Then, research on visual perception and attention is presented and studies on higher cognitive functions, such as speech, memory, and emotions are discussed.
Publication Types:
* Review
* Review, Tutorial
PMID: 10945155 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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75: Indian J Exp Biol. 2000 Jul;38(7):692-9. Related Articles, Links
Teratogenic effects of sinusoidal extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on morphology of 24 hr chick embryos.
Lahijani MS, Ghafoori M.
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Shahid-Beheshti, Tehran, Iran.
To examine the potential teratogenicity of electromagnetic fields (EMF; sinusoidal and rectangular) on development of chick embryos (white leghorn), 221 freshly fertilized chicken eggs (55-65 g) were exposed during first 24 hr of postlaying incubation (38 degrees +/- 0.5 degree C) to 24 different EMFs, with 50Hz repetition rate and 8.007-10.143 mT flux density. Following exposure, the exposed fertilized chicken eggs (n = 8-10) and sham-exposed fertilized chicken eggs (n = 15) were incubated simultaneously for 8 more days and unexposed control fertilized chicken eggs (n = 20) for 9 days in absence of EMFs. The embryos were removed from egg shells and studied blind. All 24 EMF exposed-groups (inside the coil with exposure) showed an increase in the percentage of developmental anomalies compared to sham-exposed (inside the coil with no exposure) and control groups (outside the coil). Further, egg's weight was evaluated on day 9. This variable did not show significant difference between control and exposed-groups. The investigation also covered the measurement of body weight, length of crown to rump, length of tip of the beak to occipital bone, heart and liver weight. Statistical comparison between sham-exposed and control values did not show significant differences, but comparison between 8.007, 8.453 and 8.713 mT exposed-groups and control groups showed significant differences; in other exposed-groups, the changes were not significant. These results revealed that 50 Hz electromagnetic fields can induce irreversible developmental alterations in 24 hr chick embryos and confirm that its strength could be a determinant factor for the embryonic response to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (window effects).
PMID: 11215313 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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76: Vopr Kurortol Fizioter Lech Fiz Kult. 2000 Jul-Aug;(4):3-7. Related Articles, Links
[Recovery processes in the cerebral cortex, myocardium and thymus of rats with experimental atherosclerosis exposed to low-frequency electromagnetic fields on the head]
[Article in Russian]
Zubkova SM, Varakina NI, Mikhailik LV, Bobkova AS, Chabanenko SS, Luk'ianova TV.
Studies of animals with experimental sclerosis has shown that a course of 10 procedures of alternative magnetic field (AMF) (50 Hz, 30 mT, 3 min daily) promotes partial recovery of the lipid spectrum and corrects vasomotor-metabolic disturbances in the cerebral cortex, myocardium and thymus caused by atherosclerosis. Combination of AMF with constant magnetic field in the same regime and location does not produce a hypolipidemic effect in atherosclerotic animals and this, in combination with increased vascular permeability may aggravate the condition. Activated microcirculation, antioxidant and antiproteinase effects in activation of biosynthetic processes in the cerebral cortex reflect inhibition in the CNS in this combined effect and create conditions for a hypotensive effect.
PMID: 11008562 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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77: Radiat Res. 2000 May;153(5 Pt 2):699-705. Related Articles, Links
Power-frequency electromagnetic fields and the capacitative calcium entry system in SV40-transformed Swiss 3T3 cells.
Sisken JE, DeRemer D.
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA.
The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that a 60 Hz electromagnetic field could affect the influx of calcium ions across the plasma membrane through the so-called capacitative calcium entry system. Recordings of cytosolic calcium-ion concentrations in SV40-transformed Swiss 3T3 cells were obtained in real time during exposure to magnetic fields ranging from 0.3-50 mT or to sham conditions using the calcium-sensitive photoprotein aequorin. This was done for cell populations whose capacitative entry system was activated by either bradykinin or thapsigargin under a variety of experimental conditions. No effects of the magnetic field were observed on bradykinin-induced calcium transients and, with the exception of a small but statistically significant increase observed in experiments performed at 50 mT, no effects of the fields were observed on baseline calcium levels prior to or after such transients. The magnetic fields also had no effects on the size or kinetics of any of the thapsigargin-induced calcium transients. Overall, the data fail to support the hypothesis tested in this work.
PMID: 10790295 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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78: Med Hypotheses. 2000 Apr;54(4):630-3. Related Articles, Links
The effects of natural and man-made electromagnetic fields on mood and behavior: the role of sleep disturbances.
Sher L.
Natural and man-made electromagnetic fields influence the mood and behavior of healthy and sick people. Considerable evidence suggests that electromagnetic fields affect sleep. The author suggests that electromagnetic field-induced changes in sleep may mediate the effects of electromagnetic fields on mood, behavior, and cognitive abilities. The author further suggests that the development of sleep abnormalities in persons exposed to artificial electromagnetic fields may predict the onset of a psychiatric disorder at a later time and that early intervention may prevent the onset of a psychiatric disease. Copyright 2000 Harcourt Publishers Ltd.
Publication Types:
* Review
* Review, Tutorial
PMID: 10859654 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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79: Arh Hig Rada Toksikol. 2000 Mar;51(1):35-51. Related Articles, Links
[Biological effects of nonionizing radiation: low frequency electromagnetic fields]
[Article in Croatian]
Busljeta I, Gomzi M, Trosic I.
Institut za medicinska istrazivanja i medicinu rada, Zagreb. Ivana.Busljeta@imi.hr
This article reviews various studies on effects of electric and magnetic fields of extremely low frequencies on human health and gives an overview of residential and occupational exposure to different sources, currently established exposure limitations, and protection measures. Throughout the evolution biological systems adapted to natural electric and magnetic fields. Only hundred years ago human exposure to radiation was limited to electric and magnetic fields arising either from extraterrestrial or terrestrial sources, yet both natural. For the past fifty years there has been large growth of artificial sources of electric and magnetic fields, especially with frequencies of 50 and 60 Hz (power generating and distribution systems). The concern about long-term exposure to artificial fields and possible adverse effects on human health has been entirely justified and led to numerous intensive epidemiological and laboratory studies. Results of several epidemiological studies confirm the connection between exposure to electric and magnetic fields of extremely low frequencies (up to 300 Hz) and increased risk of leukemia and brain tumor in children and adults. In addition, the risk of breast cancer in occupationally exposed population has increased. Laboratory studies on animal models, in vitro systems, and human volunteers did not confirm this connection. There is a growing interest in investigation of other possible adverse health effects such as neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis), cardiovascular disorders (arrhythmias and acute myocardial infarction), psychiatric disorders, and electrosensitivity.
Publication Types:
* Review
* Review, Academic
PMID: 11059071 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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80: Radiats Biol Radioecol. 2000 Mar-Apr;40(2):217-25. Related Articles, Links
[Delayed biological effect of electromagnetic fields action]
[Article in Russian]
Grigor'ev IuG.
State Research Center of Russia-Institute of Biophysics, Moscow. prof.GRIGORIEV@pole.com.ru
The real possibility of the development of remote effects in people after longterm EMF-exposure was presented in the world scientific literature. Many authors decided that there is connection between long-term EMF-exposure and development of the breast cancer, brain tumours, leukaemia and neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis). The analysis of up-to-date publications leads us to the conclusion that this problem is actual and further researches of conditions provoking development of last-term effects are required.
Publication Types:
* Review
* Review, Tutorial
PMID: 10819049 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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81: Bioelectromagnetics. 2000 Feb;21(2):122-8. Related Articles, Links
Possible cocarcinogenic effects of ELF electromagnetic fields may require repeated long-term interaction with known carcinogenic factors.
Juutilainen J, Lang S, Rytomaa T.
Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland. jukka.juutilainen@uku.fi
Literature on cancer-related biological effects of extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic fields (MF) is discussed in the light of the current understanding of carcinogenesis as a multistep process of accumulating mutations. Different animal models and study designs have been used to address possible cocarcinogenic effects of MFs. Based on a comparison of the results, we propose a hypothesis that MF exposure may potentiate the effects of known carcinogens only when both exposures are chronic. We also discuss possible mechanisms of MF effects on carcinogenesis and the adequacy of the classical two-step initiation/promotion animal experiments for simulating human exposure to the complex mixture of environmental carcinogens. We conclude that experiments designed according to the two-step concept may not be sufficient for studying the possible role of MF in carcinogenesis. Possible further animal studies are more likely to be productive if they include models that combine chronic exposure to MFs with long-term exposures to known carcinogens. Copyright 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Publication Types:
* Review
* Review, Tutorial
PMID: 10653623 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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82: Bioelectromagnetics. 2000 Feb;21(2):75-83. Related Articles, Links
Low stray ELF magnetic field exposure system for in vitro study.
Yamazaki K, Fujinami H, Shigemitsu T, Nishimura I.
Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Tokyo, Japan. yamazaki@criepi.denken.or.jp
An exposure facility for wide application to cell exposure to an ELF (extremely low frequency) magnetic field was developed. It is suitable for conducting experiments under a high-intensity, variable-frequency magnetic field, on the biological effects of the ELF magnetic field in an in vitro study. The exposure system consists of Merritt's 4-square coil as a basic component to generate the required magnetic field intensity of 10 mT at 50 Hz with spatial field uniformity less than +/-3% in a 400 mm cube. Concentric compensation coils are adopted to eliminate the effects of stray fields on sham (control) samples in the vicinity of the exposure system. The uniformity of the magnetic field in the exposure coil, the increase in the power supply capacity due to the existence of compensation coils, and the stray field estimation were investigated carefully. After fabricating the system, performance tests were carried out and all the characteristics were found to be satisfactory. In addition, the ideal configuration for a concentric coil system was proposed. Copyright 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
PMID: 10653617 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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83: Toxicology. 2000 Jan 17;142(3):189-201. Related Articles, Links
Central/peripheral nervous system and immune responses.
Lawrence DA, Kim D.
Wadsworth Center, Albany, NY 12201, USA. david.lawrence@wadsworth.org
Maintenance of health is dependent on numerous regulatory interactions between organ systems. This review discusses interorgan communication between the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems and environmental and genetic influences on this neuroendocrine immune circuitry. Stresses of multiple types, including psychological and exposure to chemicals and infectious agents, may combine to enhance neuroimmunotoxicology. Altered nervous system functions can alter immunity which could result in exacerbation of infections, cancers or other immune-associated problems. Inversely, aberrant immune system activities could lead to pathologies associated with altered nervous activities, such as Alzheimer's disease, chronic fatigue, or multiple sclerosis. The nervous, endocrine and immune circuitry is multi-directional, and a chemical, physical or emotional stress could upset the homeostasis.
Publication Types:
* Review
* Review, Tutorial
PMID: 10667890 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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84: Acta Med Austriaca. 2000;27(3):69-77. Related Articles, Links
[Electromagnetic fields--effects on health]
[Article in German]
Stepansky R, Jahn O, Windischbauer G, Zeitlhofer J.
Universitatsklinik fur Neurologie, Wien.
This literature review shows the current knowledge of health effects on humans concerning static, low frequency electric and magnetic fields and high frequency electromagnetic fields up to 300 GHz. Basic physical knowledge and the current thresholds are demonstrated. Different frequency ranges of electromagnetic fields, their natural and technical origins and the different biological effects, especially possible hazards such as cancerogenity or risks for the brain, are discussed. Open questions and future research aspects are demonstrated. Finally electrosensibility and psychological aspects are shown.
Publication Types:
* Review
* Review, Tutorial
PMID: 10897385 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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85: Acta Med Austriaca. 2000;27(3):61-8. Related Articles, Links
[Clinical effectiveness of magnetic field therapy--a review of the literature]
[Article in German]
Quittan M, Schuhfried O, Wiesinger GF, Fialka-Moser V.
Universitatsklinik fur Physikalische Medizin und Rehabilitation, Wien. michael.quittan@akh-wien.ac.at
To verify the efficacy of electromagnetic fields on various diseases we conducted a computer-assisted search of the pertinent literature. The search was performed with the aid of the Medline and Embase database (1966-1998) and reference lists. Clinical trials with at least one control group were selected. The selection criteria were met by 31 clinical studies. 20 trials were designed double-blind, randomised and placebo-controlled. The studies were categorised by indications. Electromagnetic fields were applied to promote bone-healing, to treat osteoarthritis and inflammatory diseases of the musculoskeletal system, to alleviate pain, to enhance healing of ulcers and to reduce spasticity. The action on bone healing and pain alleviation of electromagnetic fields was confirmed in most of the trials. In the treatment of other disorders the results are contradictory. Application times varied between 15 minutes and 24 hours per day for three weeks up to eighteen months. There seems to be a relationship between longer daily application time and positive effects particular in bone-healing. Patients were treated with electromagnetic fields of 2 to 100 G (0.2 mT to 10 mT) with a frequency between 12 and 100 Hz. Optimal dosimetry for therapy with electromagnetic fields is yet not established.
Publication Types:
* Review
* Review, Tutorial
PMID: 10897384 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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86: IEEE Eng Med Biol Mag. 2000 Jan-Feb;19(1):131-7. Related Articles, Links
Possible health hazards from exposure to power-frequency electric and magnetic fields--a COMAR Technical Information Statement.
[No authors listed]
In recent years concerns have been raised about the biological effects of exposure to electric and magnetic fields at extremely low frequencies (ELF), particularly those associated with the distribution and utilization of electric power. In 1989, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) issued an "Entity Position Statement" which stated that "there is not enough relevant scientific data to establish whether common exposure to power-frequency fields should be considered a health hazard" and that "there is general agreement that more research is needed to define safe limits of human exposure to power-frequency fields." After examination of relevant research reports published during the last ten years, COMAR concludes that it is highly unlikely that health problems can be associated with average 24-hour field exposure to power frequency magnetic fields of less than 1 microT (10 mG). Good laboratory evidence shows that magnetic fields 100 to 10,000 times higher than this level, either ELF sinusoidal or pulsed, can induce a variety of biological effects, including beneficial health effects such as bone or tissue healing. Many of the reports of effects of weaker fields should be considered preliminary, as some observations have not been reproduced in different laboratories, while others, observed in cells, have not been clearly connected to effects in intact animals. Also, the means of interaction of low-level ELF fields with cells, tissues or laboratory animals is not fully understood; therefore the health impacts of such weak fields on intact animals and humans, if any, cannot be predicted or explained. Further research is needed to confirm or negate reports of effects of weak fields, and to determine mechanisms and relevance of these effects to actual health hazards. Continued study in this complicated area will enhance our understanding of biological systems, as well as help identify levels and types of ELF exposure that may be deleterious to human health.
PMID: 10659440 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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87: Med Pr. 2000;51(4):383-9. Related Articles, Links
[Programmed cell death as a biological function of electromagnetic fields at a frequency of (50/60 Hz)--review]
[Article in Polish]
Jajte JM.
Zakladu Zagrozen Fizycznych Instytutu Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra med. Jerzego Nofera w Lodzi.
Apoptosis as physiological or programmed cellular death, and necrosis as pathological cellular death are two ways by which cells die. Recent data confirm that oxygen free radicals can be the mediators of apoptosis via signalling pathways in the cell. External magnetic fields are known to affect radical pair recombination and they may increase the concentration of oxygen free radicals in living cells. Therefore, it has been suggested that physical agents, such as electromagnetic fields of power-line frequency, could exert an effect on apoptosis via signalling pathways and oxygen free radicals.
Publication Types:
* Review
* Review, Tutorial
PMID: 11059412 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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88: Med Pr. 2000;51(2):151-8. Related Articles, Links
[Cellular radio systems. Problems faced in assessing exposure to electromagnetic fields]
[Article in Polish]
Zmyslony M.
Zakladu Zagrozen Fizycznych, Instytutu Medycyny Pracy, Lodzi.
Over twenty years of its existence, cellular radio systems have become one of the major sources of human exposure to electromagnetic field (EMF) of high frequency. With the increasing number of cellular phones, the interest in health effects of exposure to EMF emitted by them continues to grow. At present, there is a general opinion that thermal effect (change of electromagnetic energy into thermal energy) is an essential mechanism of possible biological effects. The majority of world standards for exposure to EMF are based on this effect. The author presents Polish standards and those of the International Commission on Nonionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) for EMF of frequencies used in cellular radio systems, both basic that limits SAR (Specific Absorption Rate), and derived that limits the power density, as well as intensity of electric and magnetic fields. Attention was also turned to the problems concerning the application of cellular phones and those resulting from the character of the field emitted by them to which their users are exposed. Bearing in mind the results of the laboratory analyses of SAR values occurring in the user's head, and measurements of power density in the vicinity of the base station antennas, it can be stated that, in view of binding and recommended standards, cellular phones do not present any hazard to their users (private or professional). However, it should be stressed that standards adopted protect the user's head against the thermal effect, whereas the question on whether they also protect against non-thermal effects still remains without answer.
Publication Types:
* Review
* Review, Tutorial
PMID: 10971929 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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89: Tsitologiia. 2000;42(1):92-5. Related Articles, Links
[Activity of the genome of cardiomyocytes as an indicator of the development of adaptive changes in the myocardium following exposure of the central nervous system to electromagnetic fields]
[Article in Russian]
Zubkova SM, Mikhailik LV, Varakina NI, Strukova EV, Bobkova AS.
Russian Scientific Centre of Rehabilitating Medicine and Health Resort Cure, Moscow.
Methods of cardiomyocyte nuclei isolation from the myocard homogeneous mixture, and of cardiomyocyte genome activity estimation were elaborated. In the experiments with hyperlipoproteidemic rats, cardiomyocyte genome activity was shown to reflect the primary adaptive changes in the myocard, and to serve a reliable index of their influence on the CNS regulatory centres exposed to electromagnetic field, which is used for hyperlipoproteidemia treatment. The cardiomyocyte genome activity was used to distinguish between three types of development of adaptive reactions in the myocard.
PMID: 10709259 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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90: Behav Res Methods Instrum Comput. 1999 Nov;31(4):680-3. Related Articles, Links
MESA: a new configuration for measuring electromagnetic field fluctuations.
Harte TM, Black DL, Hollinshead MT.
ResCare, Inc., Evansville, Indiana, USA. tmharte@juno.com
This paper describes how the multi-energy sensor array has been refitted to meet the needs of measuring geomagnetic and other types of electromagnetic phenomena in an environment. This portable laptop computer system was designed to measure the interaction of multiple frequencies with the psychological and physiological processes that underlie human exposure to electromagnetic fields across the spectra. New sensors and analytical software have been implemented in the new configuration.
PMID: 10633984 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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91: Cent Eur J Public Health. 1999 Nov;7(4):165-7. Related Articles, Links
Acute effects of using a mobile phone on CNS functions.
Hladky A, Musil J, Roth Z, Urban P, Blazkova V.
National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic.
Twenty volunteers participated in two experiments exploring the acute effects of using the mobile phone Motorola GSM 8700 on the functions of the CNS. When speaking (5 minutes reading a text from daily newspapers) the electromagnetic fields from the mobile apparatus did not affect the visual evoked potentials. Also a 6-min exposure did not reveal any effect of electromagnetic fields on the results in two tests (memory and attention) performed while speaking into the mobile. On the other hand the phone call itself strongly influenced the performance in a secondary task applying a test of switching attention which is a good model for driving a car. The response and decision speed were significantly worse. This is a proof that even a slight psychological stress involved in calling while driving can be a great risk.
Publication Types:
* Clinical Trial
* Controlled Clinical Trial
PMID: 10659374 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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92: Indian J Biochem Biophys. 1999 Oct;36(5):348-51. Related Articles, Links
Effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on health.
Jain SC, Tyagi K.
Centre for Environment & Explosive Safety, Metcalfe House, Delhi.
This paper gives a brief review of the physical interaction and bio-effects of exposure to extremely low frequency (ELF) electromagnetic fields (EMF) along with guidelines on limits of exposure to 50/60 Hz electric and magnetic fields.
Publication Types:
* Review
* Review, Tutorial
PMID: 10844987 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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93: Indian J Biochem Biophys. 1999 Oct;36(5):318-22. Related Articles, Links
In vitro effects of low-level, low-frequency electromagnetic fields on DNA damage in human leucocytes by comet assay.
Ahuja YR, Vijayashree B, Saran R, Jayashri EL, Manoranjani JK, Bhargava SC.
Genetics Unit, Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre, Hyderabad.
The sources for the effects of electromagnetic fields (EMFs) have been traced to time-varying as well as steady electric and magnetic fields, both at low and high to ultra high frequencies. Of these, the effects of low-frequency (50/60 HZ) magnetic fields, directly related to time-varying currents, are of particular interest as exposure to some fields may be commonly experienced. In the present study, investigations have been carried out at low-level (mT) and low-frequency (50 Hz) electromagnetic fields in healthy human volunteers. Their peripheral blood samples were exposed to 5 doses of electromagnetic fields (2,3,5,7 and 10mT at 50 Hz) and analysed by comet assay. The results were compared to those obtained from unexposed samples from the same subjects. 50 cells per treatment per individual were scored for comet-tail length which is an estimate of DNA damage. Data from observations among males were pooled for each flux density for analysis. At each flux density, with one exception, there was a significant increase in the DNA damage from the control value. When compared with a similar study on females carried out by us earlier, the DNA damage level was significantly higher in the females as compared to the males for each flux density.
PMID: 10844981 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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94: Radiats Biol Radioecol. 1999 Sep-Oct;39(5):583-7. Related Articles, Links
[Biological and ecological aspects of the effects combined electromagnetic rays on farm animals]
[Article in Russian]
Ipatova AG, Ivanov VL, Koz'min GV, Kozlov VA.
Russian Institute of Agricultural Radiology and Agroecology, Obninsk.
The study of a biological effect of ultraviolet, ultrahigh frequency and gamma-radiation, as well as combinations of these, on the functional status of the sheep body systems has made it possible to evaluate the sensitivity of a body exposed to these factors and its adaptive potentials. The pattern of variations in the body systems when a combined EMR is applied depends on to which extent one or another factor dominates the others. It is however possible that the effect of the leading factor is modified by that of a less severe radiation, energy characteristics of which differ from those of the dominating factor.
PMID: 10576032 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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95: IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 1999 Aug;46(8):1013-21. Related Articles, Links
Electromagnetic and thermal analysis for lipid bilayer membranes exposed to RF fields.
Eibert TF, Alaydrus M, Wilczewski F, Hansen VW.
Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-2122, USA.
Experiments with pulsed radio frequency fields have shown influence on the low-frequency behavior of lipid bilayer membranes. In this paper, we present an electromagnetic and thermal analysis of the used exposure device to clarify whether the observed effects have a thermal cause and to determine the fields at the lipid bilayer. In order to model the very thin lipid bilayer (about 5 nm) accurately, the electromagnetic analysis is broken into several steps employing the finite difference time domain technique and a finite element/boundary element hybrid approach. Based on the obtained power loss due to the electromagnetic fields, the temperature change is calculated using the finite element method for the solution of the heat conduction equation. Both, the electromagnetic and the thermal analysis are performed for a variety of material parameters of the exposure device. The electromagnetic analysis shows that the exposure device is capable of producing voltages on the order of 1 mV across the lipid bilayer. The combined electromagnetic and thermal calculations reveal that the temperature oscillations due to the pulsed radio frequency fields are too small to directly influence the low-frequency behavior of the lipid bilayer.
PMID: 10431467 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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96: Biofizika. 1999 Mar-Apr;44(2):224-30. Related Articles, Links
[Effect of weak combined low frequency constant and alternative magnetic fields on intrinsic fluorescence of proteins in aqueous solutions]
[Article in Russian]
Novikov VV, Kuvichkin VV, Fesenko EE.
Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia.
It was shown that weak combined static (42 microT) and low-frequency variable (40 nT; 3-5 Hz) magnetic fields change the intensity of intrinsic fluorescence of some proteins (cytochrome c, bovine serum albumin, horseradish peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase). The effect can be interpreted as a change in the conformational state of the protein in water environment by the action of weak magnetic fields. The dynamics of the process, the concentration dependence, the binding of proteins to the fluorescence probe 1,8-ANS after treatment with magnetic fields, the frequency dependence of these reactions, and the dependence of the effect on the presence of the static constituent of the magnetic field were studied. It was shown that the changes in the intrinsic fluorescence of some enzymes (horseradish peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase) are related to changes in their functional activity. It was found that the effect is partially transferred via a solvent (water, 0.01 M NaCl) preliminarily treated with magnetic field. In the solvent, changes in its intrinsic fluorescence by the action of weak magnetic fields were also registered.
PMID: 10418673 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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97: Radiat Res. 1999 Feb;151(2):195-200. Related Articles, Links
Induction of intracellular calcium oscillations in human skin fibroblast populations by sinusoidal extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (20 Hz, 8 mT) is dependent on the differentiation state of the single cell.
Loschinger M, Thumm S, Hammerle H, Rodemann HP.
Section of Radiobiology and Molecular Environmental Research, University of Tubingen, Germany.
Experiments were performed to analyze whether short-term exposure to a sinusoidal extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (20 Hz, 8 mT) can alter the dynamics of intracellular calcium in diploid human skin fibroblasts. In heterogeneous fibroblast populations, about 30% of the cells responded with a change in the oscillation activity of intracellular calcium within 40 min. It was demonstrated at the level of the single cell that the responsiveness of fibroblast populations to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields depends on the specific differentiation state of the exposed cell. The data obtained clearly indicate that mitotic progenitor fibroblasts respond with an enhancement of the dynamics of calcium, whereas in postmitotic fibrocytes a reduction of the dynamics was observed when the cells were co-stimulated with suboptimal concentrations of platelet-derived growth factor. Thus data from our laboratory on terminal differentiation induced by extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields may be correlated with changes in the dynamics of Ca2+ reported here.
PMID: 9952304 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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98: Bioelectromagnetics. 1999;20(3):133-60. Related Articles, Links
Interaction of static and extremely low frequency electric and magnetic fields with living systems: health effects and research needs.
Repacholi MH, Greenebaum B.
World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. repacholim@who.ch
An international seminar was held June 4-6, 1997, on the biological effects and related health hazards of ambient or environmental static and extremely low frequency (ELF) electric and magnetic fields (0-300 Hz). It was cosponsored by the World Health Organization (WHO), the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP), the German, Japanese, and Swiss governments. Speakers provided overviews of the scientific literature that were discussed by participants of the meeting. Subsequently, expert working groups formulated this report, which evaluates possible health effects from exposure to static and ELF electric and magnetic fields and identifies gaps in knowledge requiring more research to improve health risk assessments. The working groups concluded that, although health hazards exist from exposure to ELF fields at high field strengths, the literature does not establish that health hazards are associated with exposure to low-level fields, including environmental levels. Similarly, exposure to static electric fields at levels currently found in the living and working environment or acute exposure to static magnetic fields at flux densities below 2 T, were not found to have demonstrated adverse health consequences. However, reports of biological effects from low-level ELF-field exposure and chronic exposure to static magnetic fields were identified that need replication and further study for WHO to assess any possible health consequences. Ambient static electric fields have not been reported to cause any direct adverse health effects, and so no further research in this area was deemed necessary.
Publication Types:
* Congresses
* Review
* Review, Academic
PMID: 10194557 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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99: Folia Med (Plovdiv). 1999;41(3):75-80. Related Articles, Links
Effects of low-intensity electromagnetic fields on behavioral activity of rats.
Kemerov S, Marinkev M, Getova D.
Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Higher Medical Institute, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
The present study aimed at comparative assessment of the changes in behavioral activity of rats after exposing them to low intensity electromagnetic fields (EMFs) in the meter, decimeter and centimeter ranges. The experiments were carried out on 24 Wistar rats divided into 4 groups (1 control and 3 experimental), treated with different EMFs. The rats were irradiated on the head area at power density of 10 mW/cm2. Using a conventional shuttle box, the conditioned and non-conditioned responses and spontaneous motor activity of the rats were studied. The results suggest that exposure to EMFs in the three ranges can slow down the formation of conditioned responses--this was clearly marked in the rats exposed to meter EMFs, whereas the effects of centimeter EMFs were delayed in time. The behavioral effects were mild at athermal dosages and the animals adapted easily to exposure conditions. This study shows that determination of the effects of different EMFs should be done for each of the ranges separately; determination of the exact dosage of the electromagnetic fields can help to avoid their negative biological effects.
PMID: 10658372 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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100: Med Pr. 1999;50(6):581-91. Related Articles, Links
[Environmental exposure to electromagnetic fields and the risk of cancer]
[Article in Polish]
Sliwinska-Kowalska M.
Zakladu Zagrozen Fizycznych, Instytutu Medycyny Pracy, Lodzi.
Electromagnetic fields (EMFs) of power-line frequency are very common in the human environment. Electric tractions and transmission lines of high voltage are their major sources, however, household appliances are also involved in generating EMFs. Although their biological effect has not as yet been well documented, they evoke an increasing concern as being suspected of their carcinogenic effect. This concern arises mainly from epidemiological studies, which indicate an increased risk for leukemia in children living in the vicinity of transmission lines of high voltage. The author presents a review of epidemiological and experimental studies on a possible effect of power-line frequency EMFs on the development of neoplastic diseases. Epidemiological data obtained to date shows that power-line frequency EMFs do not induce cancer risk and if this is the case the risk is marginal (relevant risk of 1-4 order). Nevertheless, this risk seems to be more evident in occupational than in environmental exposure. The results of experimental studies carried out on animals disclose a possible effect of EMFs as a factor contributing to the development of cancer induced by a known carcinogen. In order to answer the question put in the title it is necessary to continue a large scale investigations especially experimental ones.
Publication Types:
* Review
* Review, Tutorial
PMID: 10746244 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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101: Med Tr Prom Ekol. 1999;(6):2-6. Related Articles, Links
[Present status and tasks of occupational regulations for radiofrequency of electromagnetic fields]
[Article in Russian]
Pal'tsev IuP.
Intensive use of various emitters of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields is a potential health hazard both for workers and general population. Thus, improved hygienic regulation and control of nonionizing electromagnetic radiation becomes very important for prophylactics. Hygienic regulation of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields is based on elimination of their influence on human health. Incomplete knowledge of biologic mechanisms underlying influence of low-intensity radiofrequency electromagnetic fields is a serious obstacle to further improvement of hygienic regulation. Special attention should be paid on clinical, physiologic and epidemiologic research aimed to study long-term effects and influence of the stated fields on general morbidity.
PMID: 10420708 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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102: Radiats Biol Radioecol. 1999 Jan-Feb;39(1):79-83. Related Articles, Links
[Mechanism of radiobiological effects of low intensity nonionizing electromagnetic radiation]
[Article in Russian]
Kudriashov IuB, Perov IuF, Golenitskaia IA.
Moscow State University, Department of Biology.
The results of the research of the biological effects of the non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation were studied from the position of "thermal" and "unthermal" mechanisms. The special attention was spared to analysing the information characterising the high sensitiveness of the human and animals organism to the very-low intensity electromagnetic fields.
Publication Types:
* Review
* Review, Tutorial
PMID: 10347601 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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103: Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 1998 Nov;6(4):749-74. Related Articles, Links
Biologic effects of low-level electromagnetic fields: current issues and controversies.
Beers GJ, Phillips JL, Prato FS, Nair I.
Jerry L. Pettis VA Medical Center, Loma Linda, California, USA.
There is uncertainty and controversy about the extent to which low level electromagnetic fields may cause deleterious effects, but even experts who are skeptical about many supposed hazards are willing to agree that electromagnetic fields even weaker than those in the MR environment can have effects under certain conditions. In order that readers can familiarize themselves enough with the subject to make an informed independent assessment, discuss it knowledgeably in public, and have the means with which to evaluate new developments and avoid experimental pitfalls if planning their own research in the area, they are provided with some of the most recent finding of in vitro and in vivo research from outside the MR literature as well as some of the results and controversies coming from recent epidemiological studies.
Publication Types:
* Review
* Review Literature
PMID: 9799854 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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104: Neuropsychobiology. 1998 Nov;38(4):251-6. Related Articles, Links
No effects of pulsed high-frequency electromagnetic fields on heart rate variability during human sleep.
Mann K, Roschke J, Connemann B, Beta H.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Mainz, Germany.
The influence of pulsed high-frequency electromagnetic fields emitted by digital mobile radio telephones on heart rate during sleep in healthy humans was investigated. Beside mean RR interval and total variability of RR intervals based on calculation of the standard deviation, heart rate variability was assessed in the frequency domain by spectral power analysis providing information about the balance between the two branches of the autonomic nervous system. For most parameters, significant differences between different sleep stages were found. In particular, slow-wave sleep was characterized by a low ratio of low- and high-frequency components, indicating a predominance of the parasympathetic over the sympathetic tone. In contrast, during REM sleep the autonomic balance was shifted in favor of the sympathetic activity. For all heart rate parameters, no significant effects were detected under exposure to the field compared to placebo condition. Thus, under the given experimental conditions, autonomic control of heart rate was not affected by weak-pulsed high-frequency electromagnetic fields.
PMID: 9813465 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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105: Neurosci Behav Physiol. 1998 Nov-Dec;28(6):686-93. Related Articles, Links
Action of modulated electromagnetic fields on the emotional component of the systems organization of behavioral acts in rats.
Sudakov KV.
P. K. Anokhin Science Research Institute of Normal Physiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
This article reviews experimental data providing evidence on the effects of modulated electromagnetic fields of 30-120 V/m with a carrier frequency of 30 MHz modulated sinusoidally at frequencies of 2-50 Hz on the emotional responses accompanying various stages in the systems organization of behavior in rats. The blocking effects of fields were demonstrated in self-stimulation models in different types of conditioned reflex behavior, as well as during extinction of conditioned reflex responses in individual conditions and emotional intercourse. It is suggested that modulated electromagnetic fields which have information effects on the body act on the information component of behavior, i.e., emotion.
PMID: 9850964 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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106: Radiats Biol Radioecol. 1998 Nov-Dec;38(6):920-3. Related Articles, Links
[Mechanisms of biophysical effects of microwaves]
[Article in Russian]
Ismailov ESh, Khachirov DG, Ismailova GE, Kudriashov IuB.
Lomonosov State University, Moscow.
According to our and other investigators theoretical and experimental dates biophysical effects of microwaves are defined by thermal and specific biological action. Specific influence are realized by more delicate and precise ways and mechanisms of absorption and molecular relaxation of microwave energy, energy-informative interaction of radio-emission with biosystem. It include three mechanisms: synchronisation of oscillatory processes (oscillators) of irradiated object in acting electromagnetic field; selective influence of microwaves on the biomembranes, on nervous and other highly-organized systems of living organism, on the complex formation processes and fermentative activity; resonance phenomena. These mechanisms connected with parameters of acting electromagnetic field and with electrical, magnetic and other properties of biological systems.
PMID: 9889788 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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107: Exp Neurol. 1998 Oct;153(2):328-34. Related Articles, Links
Weak ELF magnetic field effects on hippocampal rhythmic slow activity.
Jenrow KA, Zhang X, Renehan WE, Liboff AR.
Department of Gastroenterology and, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, USA.
Several investigations have revealed that electrical activity within the central nervous system (CNS) can be affected by exposure to weak extremely-low-frequency (ELF) magnetic fields. Many of these studies have implicated CNS structures exhibiting endogenous oscillation and synchrony as optimal sites for field coupling. A particularly well characterized structure in this regard is the rat hippocampus. Under urethane anesthesia, synchronous bursting among hippocampal pyramidal neurons produces a large-amplitude quasi-sinusoidal field potential oscillation, termed "rhythmic slow activity" (RSA) or "theta." Using this in vivo model, we investigated the effect of exposure to an externally applied sinusoidal magnetic field (16.0 Hz; 28.9 microT(rms)) on RSA. During a 60-min exposure interval, the probability of RSA decaying to a less coherent mode of oscillation, termed "large irregular-amplitude activity" (LIA), was increased significantly. Moreover, this instability persisted for up to 90 min postexposure. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that endogenous CNS oscillators are uniquely susceptible to field-mediated perturbation and suggest that the sensitivity of these networks to such fields may be far greater than had previously been assumed. This sensitivity may reflect nonlinearities inherent to these networks which permit amplification of endogenous fields mediating the initiation and propagation of neuronal synchrony. Copyright 1998 Academic Press.
PMID: 9784291 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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108: J Radiol Prot. 1998 Sep;18(3):185-93. Related Articles, Links
Comment in:
* J Radiol Prot. 1998 Sep;18(3):161-2.
Biological effects of electromagnetic fields and radiation.
Sienkiewicz Z.
National Radiological Protection Board, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, UK.
There is much debate and controversy surrounding the effects of low intensity electromagnetic fields and radiation. A few subtle biological effects have been observed in experiments using animals and volunteers, but there is no convincing evidence to suggest that exposure to the fields commonly encountered in the environment will cause any significant adverse health effect in humans.
Publication Types:
* Review
* Review, Tutorial
PMID: 9791809 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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109: Biofizika. 1998 Jul-Aug;43(4):588-93. Related Articles, Links
[Electromagnetic bioengineering]
[Article in Russian]
Novikov VV.
Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia.
The results of experimental and theoretical studies on the combined action of weak electrical as well as constant and variable low-frequently magnetic fields on physicochemical and biological systems are generalised. It is shown that weak magnetic fields with parameters close to characteristics of the geomagnetic field exert selective effects, initiating the processes of chemical reactivity and ion conductivity in aqueous solutions of organic molecules.
PMID: 9783064 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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110: FASEB J. 1998 Apr;12(6):395-420. Related Articles, Links
Biological responses to electromagnetic fields.
Lacy-Hulbert A, Metcalfe JC, Hesketh R.
Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, England. a.lacy-hulbert@ucl.ac.uk
Electrification in developed countries has progressively increased the mean level of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) to which populations are exposed; these humanmade fields are substantially above the naturally occurring ambient electric and magnetic fields of approximately 10(-4) Vm(-1) and approximately 10(-13) T, respectively. Several epidemiological studies have concluded that ELF-EMFs may be linked to an increased risk of cancer, particularly childhood leukemia. These observations have been reinforced by cellular studies reporting EMF-induced effects on biological systems, most notably on the activity of components of the pathways that regulate cell proliferation. However, the limited number of attempts to directly replicate these experimental findings have been almost uniformly unsuccessful, and no EMF-induced biological response has yet been replicated in independent laboratories. Many of the most well-defined effects have come from gene expression studies; several attempts have been made recently to repeat these key findings. This review analyses these studies and summarizes other reports of major cellular responses to EMFs and the published attempts at replication. The opening sections discuss quantitative aspects of exposure to EMFs and the incidence of cancers that have been correlated with such fields. The concluding section considers the problems that confront research in this area and suggests feasible strategies.
Publication Types:
* Review
* Review, Academic
PMID: 9535213 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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111: Neuroendocrinology. 1998 Feb;67(2):139-44. Related Articles, Links
Effects of pulsed high-frequency electromagnetic fields on the neuroendocrine system.
Mann K, Wagner P, Brunn G, Hassan F, Hiemke C, Roschke J.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Mainz, Germany.
The influence of pulsed high-frequency electromagnetic fields emitted from a circularly polarized antenna on the neuroendocrine system in healthy humans was investigated (900 MHz electromagnetic field, pulsed with 217 Hz, average power density 0.02 mW/cm2). Nocturnal hormone profiles of growth hormone (GH), cortisol, luteinizing hormone (LH) and melatonin were determined under polysomnographic control. An alteration in the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis activity was found with a slight, transient elevation in the cortisol serum level immediately after onset of field exposure which persisted for 1 h. For GH, LH and melatonin, no significant effects were found under exposure to the field compared to the placebo condition, regarding both total hormone production during the entire night and dynamic characteristics of the secretion pattern. Also the evaluation of the sleep EEG data revealed no significant alterations under field exposure, although there was a trend to an REM suppressive effect. The results indicate that weak high-frequency electromagnetic fields have no effects on nocturnal hormone secretion except for a slight elevation in cortisol production which is transient, pointing to an adaptation of the organism to the stimulus.
Publication Types:
* Clinical Trial
* Randomized Controlled Trial
PMID: 9508044 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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112: Bioelectromagnetics. 1998;19(2):136-8. Related Articles, Links
Comment on:
* Bioelectromagnetics. 1997;18(2):111-5.
Extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields do not interact directly with DNA.
Adair RK.
Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06516, USA.
Blank and Goodman [(1997): Bioelectromagnetics 18:111-115] suggest that weak extremely low frequency (ELF) electric and magnetic fields affect intracellular DNA directly. We show that such a conclusion is not in accord with physical principles.
Publication Types:
* Comment
PMID: 9492173 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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113: Med Pr. 1998;49(3):261-74. Related Articles, Links
[Exposure to electromagnetic fields with frequencies of 50 Hz and changes in the circulatory system in workers at electrical power stations]
[Article in Polish]
Bortkiewicz A, Zmyslony M, Gadzicka E.
Zakladu Fizjologii Pracy i Ergonomii.
Bearing in mind a great diffusion of electromagnetic fields (EMF) with power-line frequency (in Poland-50 Hz) both in the occupational and communal environments, it is not surprising that possible health effects related to this exposure evoke much interest. Electromagnetic fields may affect the circulatory and nervous systems because of theoretical probability that electric impulses, generated by external electric and magnetic fields, may disturb their functions. For this reason we have decided to evaluate the functioning of the circulatory system in persons occupationally exposed to power-line frequency electromagnetic fields by employing the most up-to-date methods facilitating the in-depth diagnosis of the circulatory system and neurovegetative mechanisms. The work presented focused on the evaluation of electrocardiographic changes. The study covered 63 workers of the transforming and distributing stations, aged 22-67 years (median 39 +/- 10), employed under exposure for 2-43 years (median 15 +/- 10). The control group consisted of 42 workers of radio link stations, aged 23-65 years (median 30 +/- 14), employed in the similar system but not exposed to EMF, with employment duration of 1-42 years (median 13 +/- 4). All persons were subject to general medical examinations, resting ECG, and 24 h Holter monitoring. In addition, the level of exposure in individual workplaces was estimated following the measurements of the intensity of electric and magnetic fields. In workers of electromagnetic stations an increased risk for electrocardiographic disturbances was revealed. Under conditions of exposure to electric fields, observed in stations where workers were employed, the risk was increased by 10%.
Publication Types:
* Clinical Trial
* Controlled Clinical Trial
PMID: 9760436 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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114: Med Pr. 1998;49(2):177-86. Related Articles, Links
[The role of free radicals in mechanisms of biological function exposed to weak, constant and net magnetic fields]
[Article in Polish]
Zmyslony M, Jajte JM.
Zakladu Zagrozen Fizycznych, Instytutu Medycyny Pracy, Lodzi.
For many years biological effect of magnetic fields has been the subject of great interest. Based on the current body of knowledge, many specialists suggest that it may play some role in the process of embryogenesis and teratogenesis; disturb the functioning of the central nervous and immunological systems; and effect cellular growth and differentiation, particularly in terms of carcinogenesis. However, sufficient evidence collaborating the assumption of health hazard arising from general exposure to magnetic field has not as yet been provided. At present, very intensive studies have been carried out in order to elucidate the mechanism of the effect of magnetic fields both in terms of physical and biological aspects. The authors present the most recognised hypotheses among those suggested in this area. They devote more attention to the hypothesis on a possible effect of weak magnetic fields, namely those observed in the occupational and commmunal environments, on free radicals which play a key role in a number of processes occurring in live organisms. The results of in vitro studies which confirm that such a mechanism does exist in simple biological systems are also discussed. The effect of this mechanism on the whole organism is still unknown. The future experimental, particularly in vivo, studies should provide a final answer to the question whether the effects observed are only transient ones or whether they play a decisive role in the mechanism of magnetic fields affecting human organism.
Publication Types:
* Review
* Review, Tutorial
PMID: 9695065 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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115: Med Pr. 1998;49(1):93-105. Related Articles, Links
[Biological effects of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation]
[Article in Polish]
Fedorowski A, Steciwko A.
Zakladu Medycyny Rodzinnej, Akademii Medycznej we Wroclawiu.
Since the mid 1970's, when Adey discovered that extremely-low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF EMF) may affect the calcium ions efflux from various cells, bioeffects of non-ionizing radiation (NIR) have become the subject of growing interest and numerous research projects. At present, the fact that NIR exerts both stimulatory and inhibitory effects on different physiological cellular parameters is rather unquestionable. At the same time, some epidemiological studies suggest that exposure to EMF is potentially harmful even if its intensity is very low. It has been proved that thermal factors are not responsible for these effects, therefore nowadays, they are called 'non-thermal effects'. Our paper deals with three different aspects of biological effects of non-ionizing radiation, bioelectromagnetism, electromagnetobiology and electromagnetic bioinformation. Firstly, we describe how EMF and photons can be produced within a living cell, how biological cycles are controlled, and what are the features of endogenous electromagnetic radiation. Secondly, we discuss various facets of external EMF interactions with living matter, focusing on extremely-low-frequencies, radio- and microwaves. Possible mechanisms of these interactions are also mentioned. Finally, we present a short overview of current theories which explain how electromagnetic couplings may control an open and dissipative structure, namely the living organism. The theory of electromagnetic bioinformation seems to explain how different physiological processes are triggered and controlled, as well as how long-range interactions may possibly occur within the complex biological system. The review points out that the presented research data must be assessed very carefully since its evaluation is crucial to set the proper limits of EMF exposure, both occupational and environmental. The study of biological effects of non-ioinizing radiation may also contribute to the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic methods.
Publication Types:
* Review
* Review, Tutorial
PMID: 9587915 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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116: Sb Lek. 1998;99(4):455-64. Related Articles, Links
[The effect of low-frequency electromagnetic fields on living organisms]
[Article in Czech]
Strasak L, Vetterl V, Smarda J.
Katedra fyzikalni elektroniky Prirodovedecke fakulty Masarykovy Univerzity, Brno, Czech Republic.
This report studies effect of alternating low-frequency electromagnetic fields (Bm = 5-21.5 mT, f = 50 Hz, duration of exposure t = 0-24 min) on viability of bacteria Escherichia coli. We have shown that the growth of bacteria is impaired the electromagnetic field. Their ability to form colonies on a solid medium decreases in dependence on magnitude of magnetic field and on duration of exposure. The growth curve is influenced by the electromagnetic field as well. Effects of electromagnetic fields are independent of biological age in first four hours of their growth. We have found no morphological changes in bacterial systems in electromagnetic field by optical microscope. Viability of bacteria is bigger in a liquid medium and less in a solid medium. Bacteriophage BF 23 attach less to bacteria influenced by electromagnetic field. And finally, magnetic field did not make induction of production of bacteriophage. This effect indicates, that magnetic field did not damage DNA of exposed bacteria.
PMID: 10803288 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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117: Med Lav. 1997 Nov-Dec;88(6):462-74. Related Articles, Links
[The health risks of exposure to electromagnetic fields in work environments]
[Article in Italian]
Vecchia P.
Laboratorio di Fisica, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Roma.
In the last few years the debate on possible health risks of electromagnetic fields has focused on specific sources, namely power lines and, more recently, base stations for cellular telephones. This has drastically diverted the attention of the research and prevention community towards residential exposures. On the other hand, the increasing number of technological process exploiting or generating electromagnetic fields requires greater attention to exposures at the workplace. The scope of research in this area is vast because of different emission characteristics of the sources, different interaction mechanisms at various frequencies, and different effects that have been identified or hypothesized. The paper presents an overview of health problems involved in exposure to electromagnetic fields at the workplace. Different frequency ranges and related sources are considered separately. In particular, the different levels of knowledge are noted and areas requiring further research are identified.
Publication Types:
* Review
* Review, Tutorial
PMID: 9542373 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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118: Med Tekh. 1997 Nov-Dec;(6):12-5. Related Articles, Links
[Use of an experimental space-time prediction model to design instruments for evaluation of higher nervous activity in man]
[Article in Russian]
Matveev EV.
While examining the basic mechanisms responsible for the performance of the central nervous system (CNS), of interest are the situations in which the behaviour caused by these mechanisms and independent of education levels, habits, and occupation is shown to the highest extent. The paper presents an example of constructing and testing an experimental model which may assess different manifestations of CNS functions. The use of the model as textual examination procedures provides an insight into the higher nervous performance.
PMID: 9460657 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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119: Ceylon Med J. 1997 Sep;42(3):115-6. Related Articles, Links
Gadolinium can cool, man.
Goonaratna C.
Publication Types:
* Editorial
PMID: 9357118 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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120: Med Pregl. 1997 Sep-Oct;50(9-10):357-62. Related Articles, Links
[The effect of low-frequency electromagnetic fields on the neuroendocrine system]
[Article in Croatian]
Lazetic B, Kozarcic T, Stankov K.
Zavod za fiziologiju, Medicinski fakultet, Novi Sad.
This paper presents literature data about effects of low-intensity variable electromagnetic fields on the neuroendocrine system of experimental animals. We mostly paid attention to electromagnetic fields frequently found in our environment, in technological processes, even in our everyday life. This study shows that the regulatory systems (nervous and endocrine) are extremely sensitive to effects of electromagnetic fields. In regard to structures of the central nervous system hypothalamus shows particularly high sensitivity whereas we can consider a hypothesis that effects of this physical factor may be expected in other systems too. It has been emphasized that the effects of electromagnetic fields on regulatory mechanisms may be connected with primary disturbances on the cellular and subcellular (mitochondrial) level.
Publication Types:
* Review
* Review, Academic
PMID: 9471530 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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121: Vopr Kurortol Fizioter Lech Fiz Kult. 1997 Sep-Oct;(5):3-7. Related Articles, Links
[The general patterns in the development of the ultrastructural reactions under the action of electromagnetic radiations]
[Article in Russian]
Korolev IuN.
Original investigations of the author provided authors with information on subcellular adaptive reactions in response to electromagnetic radiation. Activation of hyperplastic processes represents the leading structural-adaptive response of the body arising accelerated renewal of the ultrastructures. The author characterizes adaptive hyperplasia of the ultrastructures. The author characterizes adaptive hyperplasia emerging in bioenergetic and protein-synthetizing organelles in the cells of different organs. It is emphasized that high intensities provoke destructive processes.
PMID: 9446304 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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122: J Indian Med Assoc. 1997 Jul;95(7):429-33. Related Articles, Links
Influence of electromagnetism on genomic and other biological structures.
Jacobson JI.
Institute of Theoretical Physics and Advanced Studies for Biophysical Research, Jupiter, Florida 33477-1418, USA.
Publication Types:
* Review
* Review, Tutorial
PMID: 9425846 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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123: Med Hypotheses. 1997 Jul;49(1):31-4. Related Articles, Links
Effects of natural and man-made electric/electromagnetic fields on human health: a possible mechanism.
Sher L.
Studies and observations have shown that natural and artificial electric/electromagnetic fields affect human health. The author suggests that these fields can alter the state of acupuncture points, and produce an acupuncture-like effect. The author further suggests that the influence of natural and man-made electric/electromagnetic fields on human health is mediated by electrical processes in acupuncture points.
Publication Types:
* Review
* Review, Tutorial
PMID: 9247904 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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124: Biofizika. 1997 May-Jun;42(3):742-5. Related Articles, Links
[Molecular mechanisms of biological action of low magnetic fields. III. Regulation of intermolecular interaction in water phase of DNA, DNAse 1 and a DNAase 1 inhibitor under combined action of low constant and alternating magnetic fields adjusted to cyclotron resonance of polar amino acid ions]
[Article in Russian]
Fesenko EE, Novikov VV, Shvetsov IuP.
PMID: 9296637 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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125: Biofizika. 1997 May-Jun;42(3):733-7. Related Articles, Links
[Molecular mechanisms of biological action of low magnetic fields. I. Stability of chromatin from Ehrlich ascite carcinoma and mouse brain cells to the treatment of DNase 1 under combined action of low constant and alternating low-frequency magnetic fields adjusted to the cyclotron resonance of ions of polar amino acids]
[Article in Russian]
Novikov VV, Shvetsov IuP, Fesenko EE, Novikova NI.
PMID: 9296635 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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126: Med Tekh. 1997 May-Jun;(3):42-3. Related Articles, Links
[Electromagnetic urological stimulator]
[Article in Russian]
Zaslavskii AOi, Markarov GS, Gelis IuS.
The paper deals with an electromagnetic urological stimulator which generates a modulated low-frequency electromagnetic field of nonthermal intensity and its brief technical data. It presents a treatment regimen for urolithiasis and recommendations how to use the above therapeutical agent to stimulate urinary function in patients with urolithiasis in order to inoperatively eliminate urinary calculi and sand which form following extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy.
PMID: 9312646 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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127: Bioelectromagnetics. 1997;18(7):491-8. Related Articles, Links
Influence of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on the swimming behavior of ciliates.
Hemmersbach R, Becker E, Stockem W.
Institute of Aerospace Medicine, DLR (German Aerospace Research Establishment), Koln. Ruth.Hemmersbach@DLR.DE
Different species of ciliates (Paramecium biaurelia, Loxodes striatus, Tetrahymena thermophila) have been taken as model systems to study the effects of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (50 Hz, 0.5-2.0 mT) on the cellular level. A dose-dependent increase in the mean swimming velocity and a decrease in the linearity of cell tracks were observed in all wild-type cells. In contrast, field-exposure did not increase the number of directional turns of the Paramecium tetraurelia pawn mutant (d4-500r), which is characterized by defective Ca2+-channels. The described changes indicate a direct effect of low frequency electromagnetic fields on the transport mechanisms of the cell membrane for ions controlling the motile activity of cilia.
PMID: 9338630 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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128: Bioelectromagnetics. 1997;18(5):400-1. Related Articles, Links
Comment on "Effects of 60 Hz electromagnetic fields on early growth in three plant species and a replication of previous results" by Mark S. Davies.
Parkinson WC.
Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, USA.
Publication Types:
* Letter
PMID: 9209722 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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129: Biull Eksp Biol Med. 1997 Jan;123(1):33-5. Related Articles, Links
[Reduced blood trauma in vitro in the electromagnetic field]
[Article in Russian]
Tashaev ShS, Stogova NV, Tsiura VI, Aganezov SA, Galibin OV, Os'mak AR.
PMID: 9213452 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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130: Fiziol Zh. 1997;43(1-2):19-22. Related Articles, Links
[The effect of dimethylethanolamine on the summation capacity of the central nervous system and on the work capacity of animals in a chronic experiment]
[Article in Ukrainian]
Lukoshko SO, Koval'chuk TO, Rybal'chenko VK.
The effects of inhaling action of dimethylethanolamine (twenty-four-hour for four months (on summarizing liminal index, SLI) and efficiency of white rats in dependence on various concentrations of amino alcohol were studied in chronic experiments. The obtained results allowed to conclude, that high (2.76 mg/m3) concentration of dimethylethanolamine influenced on functional state of central nervous system. SLI changes pointed to disturbance of dynamic equilibrium between processes of inhibition and excitation with prevalence of latter. In the same time the sufficient grounds for the attribution of dimethylethanolamine to myorelaxants were absent, since in our experiments we used only very high concentrations of this agent.
PMID: 9221114 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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131: Life Sci. 1997;61(17):1651-6. Related Articles, Links
Hematological changes in rats exposed to weak electromagnetic fields.
Ubeda A, Diaz-Enriquez M, Martinez-Pascual MA, Parreno A.
Dept. Investigacion, Hospital Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.
A number of experimental studies report that biological systems can be affected by in vivo exposure to low frequency and extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields. However, attempts to independently replicate some of these studies have shown the reported effects to be elusive. The difficulty in replicating results could be due to unidentified physical and/or biological parameters which may affect the response of a sample to electromagnetic fields. The present paper reports a failure to independently replicate a study showing that in vivo exposure to a pulsed magnetic field of 1.5 mT caused significant changes on plasma proteins in rats. Although the possibility has to be considered that the results from the seminal work were artifactual, substantial differences in levels of plasma proteins were observed between the control groups of the two studies indicating that the animals in the first study had an infectious illness. This observation supports the hypothesis that the state of physiological equilibrium of a biological system is crucial to its response to a potentially effective electromagnetic field.
PMID: 9363980 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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132: Med Pr. 1997;48(5):507-19. Related Articles, Links
[Electrosmog as a health risk factor: sources of artificial electromagnetic fields, evaluation of health risk, prevention methods]
[Article in Polish]
Fedorowski A, Steciwko A.
Zakladu Medycyny Rodzinnej, Akademii Medycznej we Wroclawiu.
In recent years we have observed how electromagnetic (EM) radiation enters our daily life. The strength of man-made EM field is often far above the natural level and this finding has encouraged a large group of researchers to investigate its possible health effect. Non-ionizing radiation and extremely low-frequency electric and magnetic fields have been the subject of intensive theoretical and experimental works since Adey published his observations concerning non-linear and non-thermal biological effects. At the same time an epidemiological material appeared suggesting that EM field generates various diseases including leukemia and brain tumors. Possible mechanisms of EM field interactions with living matter remain unknown although theoretical models have been proposed by many authors. In vitro and in vivo studies as well as epidemiological data have not provided the ground for decisive conclusions. Nevertheless, the relationship between EM fields and biological effects seems to be most likely. Any international standards for safety limits have not as yet been established and regulations in this regard vary in different countries. However, occupational and residential exposure to EM field can be efficiently measured using an appropriate equipment and such measurements should become a standard procedure wherever electrosmog is suspected to be a pathogenic factor.
PMID: 9501333 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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133: Med Tr Prom Ekol. 1997;(10):21-3. Related Articles, Links
[Physical principles of protection from the effects of electromagnetic irradiation on biological objects (review of the literature)]
[Article in Russian]
Miroshinkova TK.
Publication Types:
* Review
* Review, Tutorial
PMID: 9432259 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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134: Biofizika. 1996 Nov-Dec;41(6):1163-7. Related Articles, Links
[Condensation of amino acids in aqueous solutions after exposure to weak electromagnetic fields]
[Article in Russian]
Novikov VV, Lisitsyn AS.
PMID: 9044613 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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135: Med Tekh. 1996 Nov-Dec;(6):3-4. Related Articles, Links
[Therapeutic effects of a low-frequency electromagnetic field and magnetotherapy devices of the Polius type]
[Article in Russian]
Viktorov VA, Malkov IuV.
PMID: 9053708 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
136: Patol Fiziol Eksp Ter. 1996 Oct-Dec;(4):19-21. Related Articles, Links
[Therapeutic modulation of the cardiotoxic action of cardiac glycosides with electromagnetic emitters alternating with magnetic and electric fields]
[Article in Russian]
Grechko AT.
A model of the cardiotoxic effect of cardiac glycosides (k-strophanthin) was used in the experiments with standard frog hearts isolated in situ. Effective parameters of the cardioprotective action of electromagnetic radiations, magnetic and electric fields are examined with the model.
PMID: 9082313 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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137: Usp Fiziol Nauk. 1996 Oct-Dec;27(4):44-62. Related Articles, Links
[The nonspecific mechanisms of CNS adaptation to intermittent stimuli, EEG spectral structure and the optimal parameters of rhythmic sensory actions]
[Article in Russian]
Fedotchev AI, Bondar' AT.
Presented paper reviews recent literature data about the role of non-specific mechanisms of central nervous system adaptation and intrinsic properties of organism functional systems in the effects of rhythmical sensory influences. Among the reviewed factors which determine particular effectiveness of relatively weak, but rhythmically organized external signals, there are such as an increased sensitivity of living things to different oscillatory actions, the mechanisms of adaptive reactions, resonance central nervous system phenomena and an interaction of rhythmical sensory stimulation with organism endogenous rhythms. Special attention is paid to endogenous rhythms in the electrical activity of the brain, or to the EEG rhythms. Modern state of art in the field of spectral EEG structure analysis is discussed, and some new approaches to rhythmical sensory stimulation efficacy enhancement based on individual high resolution EEG structure features are delineated.
Publication Types:
* Review
* Review, Academic
PMID: 9019924 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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138: Arh Hig Rada Toksikol. 1996 Sep;47(3):323-36. Related Articles, Links
[Exposure to low electromagnetic fields and the carcinogenesis process]
[Article in Croatian]
Garaj-Vrhovac V.
Institut za medicinska istrazivanja i medicinu rada, Zagreb.
In the literature as well as in public media increasing attention is paid to possible health effects of exposure to low-frequency electric and magnetic fields, Experimental studies at the cellular level and mammalian studies in vivo have demonstrated various biological effects that are possibly associated with human exposure to low-frequency radiation. Although the exact mechanism of this relationship is not entirely clear, it has been indicated that low-frequency radiation might promote the process of carcinogenesis, although it does not seem likely to initiate it. A possible link between human low-frequency exposure and occurrence of carcinoma at child and adult age has been examined in some fifty epidemiological studies. A few studies have demonstrated a possible connection between carcinoma at child age and distance from electrical installations. Although the results point to an association between exposure to low-frequency electric and magnetic fields and cancer, further research is called for. In the meantime "cautious avoidance" of extended exposure to low-frequency electromagnetic fields is recommended.
Publication Types:
* Review
* Review, Tutorial
PMID: 9012338 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
139: Radiats Biol Radioecol. 1996 Sep-Oct;36(5):659-70. Related Articles, Links
[Role of modulation in biological effects of electromagnetic radiation]
[Article in Russian]
Grigor'ev IuG.
Data, describing a role of modulation of electromagnetic fields in development of biological effect, are considered. Outcomes of researches, indicating the dependence of a response of nervous and immune systems on a kind of modulation at low levels of effect, are represented. The necessity of the account of a role of modulation in an evaluation of electromagnetic danger is formulated.
PMID: 9019276 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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140: Biofizika. 1996 Jul-Aug;41(4):906-12. Related Articles, Links
[Adaptive changes in the body upon exposure to electromagnetic radiation]
[Article in Russian]
Zubkova SM.
The chance to use electromagnetic exposures as active adaptogen and the detecting of adaptive changes following them were objects of our studies. The data of experimental and clinical studies significative the dependence of changes on the functional state of organism were seen. Particular attention is paid to the site of exposure and to the advantages in the action of electromagnetic exposures on areas overlaying the endocrine glands and control centers of central nerve system. In these conditions electromagnetic exposures play a part of trigger initiated natural processes of homeostatic regulation in the organism functional systems. It is shown that the course of electromagnetic exposures in wide frequency range until laser radiation (infrared and red) arises adaptive changes of the regulator systems, of the bioenergetic and the biosynthetic processes in myocardium, liver, brain, thymus and other tissues predetermined genetically and secured the power of the adaptive systems. The cross-adaptation effects underlie the electromagnetic exposures medical action.
PMID: 8962891 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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141: Biofizika. 1996 Jul-Aug;41(4):866-9. Related Articles, Links
[Effect of extremely low frequency electromagnetic radiation and ultra-violet radiation on aggregation of thymocytes and erythrocytes]
[Article in Russian]
Roshchupkin DI, Kramarenko GG, Anosov AK.
Electromagnetic radiation of superhigh frequencies (46.12 and 46.19 GHz, 0.3-1 mV/cm2) at an incident dose of about 12 kJ/m2 enhances the ability of isolated rabbit thymocytes for aggregation interaction with homologous erythrocytes. In the case of 46.19 GHz frequency, the stimulatory effect disappears as radiation dose in increased. A radiation of 46.12 GHz stimulates thymocytes also at high radiation doses. Superhigh-frequency radiation enhances the sensitivity of thymocytes to the damaging effect of UV radiation.
PMID: 8962885 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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142: Science. 1996 Jun 7;272(5267):1452-5. Related Articles, Links
Long-Range (Casimir) Interactions
Spruch L.
The author is with the Department of Physics, New York University, 4 Washington Place, New York, NY 10003, USA.
Normally, nonrelativistic electromagnetic theory with two-particle Coulombic interactions adequately determines the interaction potential of systems A and B if the systems are composed of particles with characteristic velocities much less than the speed of light. If, however, the time it takes light to travel between A and B exceeds a characteristic oscillation period of A or B, the way in which the potential function depends on the separation of the systems can be altered. Called the Casimir effect, it has only recently been confirmed, and it arises in physics, chemistry, and biology. It is the clearest physical manifestation of the fact that, even in a vacuum, electromagnetic fields cannot all vanish.
PMID: 8662466 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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143: Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1996 Jun;57(6):576. Related Articles, Links
Comment in:
* Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1996 Sep;57(9):860.
A question of calibration.
Hertlein F 3rd.
Publication Types:
* Letter
PMID: 8651080 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
144: Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1996 Jun;57(6):576. Related Articles, Links
A missing factor?
Ely TS.
Publication Types:
* Letter
PMID: 8651079 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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145: Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1996 May 15;222(2):374-8. Related Articles, Links
A mechanism for action of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on biological systems.
Balcavage WX, Alvager T, Swez J, Goff CW, Fox MT, Abdullyava S, King MW.
Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana State University, Terre Haute 47809, USA.
This report outlines a simple mechanism, based on the Hall Effect, by which static and low frequency (50-60 Hz) pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) can modify cation flow across biological membranes and alter cell metabolism. We show that magnetic fields commonly found in the environment can be expected to cause biologically significant interactions between transported cations and basic domains of cation channel proteins. We calculate that these interactions generate forces of a magnitude similar to those created by normal transmembrane voltage changes known to gate cation channels. Thus PEMFs are shown to have the potential of regulating flow through cation channels, changing the steady state concentrations of cellular cations and thus the metabolic processes dependent on cation concentrations.
PMID: 8670212 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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146: Biofizika. 1996 May-Jun;41(3):765-6. Related Articles, Links
[Mechanism of the effect of the structure of external low-intensity exposure on biological systems]
[Article in Russian]
Shiian AA.
PMID: 8924482 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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147: Int J Radiat Biol. 1996 May;69(5):651-2; author reply 653-7. Related Articles, Links
Comment on:
* Int J Radiat Biol. 1996 Jan;69(1):25-38.
Comment on the paper: enhanced deposition of radon daughter nuclei in the vicinity of power frequency electromagnetic fields.
Jeffers DE.
Publication Types:
* Comment
* Letter
PMID: 8648253 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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148: Rev Clin Esp. 1996 Feb;196(2):63-5. Related Articles, Links
[Use of magnetic fields in medicine]
[Article in Spanish]
Coquillat PB.
Publication Types:
* Clinical Trial
* Editorial
PMID: 8685490 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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149: Bull Mem Acad R Med Belg. 1996;151(3-4):243-9; discussion 250-2. Related Articles, Links
[Low intensity electromagnetic fields produce a wave of calcium in the fibroblasts]
[Article in French]
Bomans J, Lambert CA, Scarpa B, Nusgens B, Legros W, Lapiere CM.
Laboratoire de Biologie des tissus conjonctifs, C.H.U. du Sart Tilman, Universite de Liege.
Human fibroblasts display a Ca2+ wave after irradiation with an electromagnetic field (EMF) of low intensity (100 to 900 microT) as seen by LASER confocal microscopy and excitation of Fluo 3. The number of excited cells is proportional to the intensity of EMF between 100 and 900 microT. Cellular activation by a dialysable serum factor is required to induce the Ca2+ wave. It also depends on extracellular Ca2+ and active tyrosine kinases and phospholipase C gamma.
PMID: 9058988 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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150: Fiziol Zh. 1996;42(1-2):96-8. Related Articles, Links
[The quantitative estimation of the basic parameters of the functional status of the human central nervous system]
[Article in Ukrainian]
Kostenko SS, Chaichenko HM.
PMID: 8991723 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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151: Med Pr. 1996;47(3):285-92. Related Articles, Links
[Combined biological effect of electromagnetic fields and chemical substances (toxic)]
[Article in Polish]
Kamedula M, Kamedula T.
Zakladu Szkodliwosci Fizycznych Instytutu Medycyny Pracy.
The authors present results of own measurements and examinations as well as the literature data on the occurrence and effect of direct, low and high frequency electromagnetic fields and chemicals. In real working conditions and in experimental conditions, the following relations can be observed: 1) concomitant occurrence of electromagnetic fields and chemicals, e.g. processes of electrolysis, inductive and dielectric heating; 2) experimental studies of combined effect of electromagnetic fields and chemicals on e.g. cancer development: 3) drug effect modified by electromagnetic fields; 4) effect of chemicals produced in materials under the influence of electromagnetic fields. There are only a few publications on medical examinations of workers exposed simultaneously to electromagnetic fields and chemicals. However, even in those reported studies, an attempt to distinguish changes in the health state due to electromagnetic fields, and due to chemicals has field. The studies of the effect of electromagnetic fields which modify the effect of carcinogenic substances have not yielded unequivocal results. Electromagnetic fields may modify significantly the effect of some psychotropic and hormonal drugs. Under the influence of pyrolisis, induced by thermal effect of electromagnetic fields, toxic substances or substances with harmful biological effect may occur in some materials.
Publication Types:
* Review
* Review, Tutorial
PMID: 8760513 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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152: Vestn Ross Akad Med Nauk. 1996;(5):51-4. Related Articles, Links
[Mechanism of action of electromagnetic fields biologically adequate to man]
[Article in Russian]
Schastnyi SA, Shchukin SI, Roslyi IM, Zubenko VG, Beliaev KR, Semikin GI, Morozov AA.
The paper analyzes 10-year experience in making experimental observations and clinically using electromagnetic fields (EMF) biologically adequate to man. Basic investigations of the electromechanical process that lead to the occurrence of currents in the bone tissue and blood vascular walls in their functional deformation were conducted. They showed that the piezoelectric effect is the most marked in the intact bone tissue. Experimental studies determined the amplitude and shape of impulses of currents emerging in the intact bone tissue of the extremities and in the walls of blood vessels during pulse blood filling. The bioelectric tissue metabolism changes in various human locomotor abnormalities. The lost part in the diseased area can be restored by means of external EMF. On this basis, devices for human biologically adequate electromagnetic therapy were designed. The efficiency of each session of electromagnetic therapy was evaluated from the normalization of blood circulation in the diseased area. The efficiency of this therapy in vascular disease was noted to depend on the synchronization of the generated electromagnetic pulse with the pulse wave of a patient and its phases. An experiment on 13 intact mongrel dogs was made to reveal the impact of EMF biologically adequate to man on bone marrow hemopoiesis. EMF 2 was found to have a stimulating effect on granulocytopoiesis. Platelet counts were elevated in the peripheral blood of animals. Analysing 2000 clinical cases and canine experimental findings provided evidence for the following mechanism of action of the electromagnetic fields biologically adequate to man. The fields exert a primary initial and virtually rapid action on the active areas of nerve structures and smooth muscle of blood vascular walls. They show a primary, but slower action on blood cells and on the vascular endothelial structure. There may be a secondary impact of EMF on some endocrine glands, which causes changes in the protein metabolism of a biological object and appears as stimulation of granulocytopoiesis and depot platelet release into the peripheral blood stream.
PMID: 8924828 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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153: Vopr Kurortol Fizioter Lech Fiz Kult. 1996 Jan-Feb;(1):9-11. Related Articles, Links
[The correction of hypoxic damage to the pulmonary surfactant system of rats with extremely high-frequency electromagnetic fields]
[Article in Russian]
Alymkulov DA, Belov GV, Akhmetova MI.
54 white rats were studied physically, histochemically and morphometrically for the effect of EHF electromagnetic field on repair of the lung surfactant system. The damage was inflicted by acute hypoxia existing at the altitude of 9000 m above the sea level simulated in the chamber. For the period studied natural repair was unable to secure the return to normal structure and function of the surfactant system, whereas daily 20-minute exposures to millimetric waves on the chest stimulated repair on after-exposure day 1-5 and provided normalization of all the physical and morphometric parameters.
PMID: 8686231 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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154: Trends Neurosci. 1995 Nov;18(11):485-6; author reply 487-8. Related Articles, Links
Comment on:
* Trends Neurosci. 1995 Feb;18(2):74-9.
Rhombomeres and innervation fields.
Dubbeldam JL.
Publication Types:
* Comment
* Letter
PMID: 8592755 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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155: Chir Organi Mov. 1995 Oct-Dec;80(4):457. Related Articles, Links
Comment on:
* Chir Organi Mov. 1995 Apr-Jun;80(2):IX-XXII.
[Congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia treated with permanent electromagnetic fields]
[Article in Italian]
Traina GC.
Publication Types:
* Comment
* Letter
PMID: 8706553 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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156: Biofizika. 1995 Sep-Oct;40(5):969-73. Related Articles, Links
[Modification of reactions of rats to the effect of weak variable magnetic fields using a stress factor]
[Article in Russian]
Temur'iants NA, Mikhailov AV, Malygina VI.
Stress-factor (hypokinesia) modifies the reaction of the adaptation, which develops under the changeable magnetic fields influence with 8 Hz frequency and 5 microT induction. It's being corroborated by the decrease of nonspecific resistance in the initial adaptation period, by the increase of central nervous system excitability, by the absence of catecholamines accumulation in the hypothalamus and in adrenal glands.
PMID: 8555295 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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157: Lik Sprava. 1995 Sep-Dec;(9-12):21-3. Related Articles, Links
[The ecological-hygienic aspects of the study of industrial-frequency magnetic fields]
[Article in Ukrainian]
Miziuk MI.
Magnetic fields of industrial frequency with magnetic flux density of 10 mkTl were studied for their effects on the morbidity pattern in the population of the settlement located in the vicinity of a high-voltage electric power line of 750 kV. A trend was noted towards increase in the incidence of nervous and endocrine diseases as well as metabolic disturbances and disorders of the immune system.
PMID: 8983779 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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158: Biofizika. 1995 Jul-Aug;40(4):925-8. Related Articles, Links
[Temporal organization of living organisms and the problem of reproducing results of magnetobiological studies]
[Article in Russian]
Martyniuk VS.
The analysis of bad reproduction of experimental magnetobiological results was realized onto experimental data for extremely low frequency magnetic field influence on leucocytes level in animal blood. It was shown that one of the causes of bad experimental results reproduction is a dynamism of temporal organization parameters in animals that used as a biological control.
PMID: 7495914 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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159: Biofizika. 1995 Jul-Aug;40(4):839-47. Related Articles, Links
[Effect of electromagnetic fields of natural and anthropogenic origin on the frequency of pathology occurrence in St. Petersburg]
[Article in Russian]
Tiasto MI, Ptitsyna NG, Kopytenko IuA, Voronov PM, Kopytenko EA, Villoresi G, Yucci N.
Istituto di Fisica Spazio Interplanetario (CNR) Frascati, c/o Universita La Sapienza, Dipartimento di Fisica, Roma, Italy.
The effect of man-made electromagnetic fluctuations and strong geomagnetic disturbances on human pathology-data from St.Petersburg (Russia, 1981) is analyzed. The most remarkable effect is the 7-day variation of the ambulance-call data for myocardial infarction, that show a decrease in pathology-rate (70%) during week-ends and public holidays. Results of measurement of man-made electromagnetic fluctuations in the frequency range 0.005-10 Hz in 1991 and 1994 show a big decrease in electromagnetic noise during week-ends. We suggest that very big 7-day variation in infarction rates is connected with the decrease of electromagnetic noise during Saturdays-Sundays. This phenomenon is responsible for the very big 7-day variation in infarction rate. The myocardial infarction rate cleaned up by meteorological and social effects show the increasing by a factor 1.14 during geomagnetic storms.
PMID: 7495911 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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160: Biofizika. 1995 Jul-Aug;40(4):825-8. Related Articles, Links
[Changes in medical indicators during heliogeophysical disturbances]
[Article in Russian]
Sergeenko NP, Kuleshova VP.
Influence of heliogeophysical factors on medical indexes is studied. Relationship between changes of these indexes and solar flares, magnetic and ionospheric storms is analyzed. Possibility of forecasting the biotropic effects by using the starting of heliogeophysical events as predictions is showed. Comparisons between calculations and experimental data are provided. Reasonable agreement was obtained.
PMID: 7495908 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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161: Biofizika. 1995 Jul-Aug;40(4):737-48. Related Articles, Links
[Effect of solar activity on the physiological rhythms of biological systems]
[Article in Russian]
Breus TK, Halberg G, Cornelissen G.
Chronobiology Laboratories, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
The infradian components, including those with a period of about 3.5, 7, 30 days, are ubiquitously found in biology, from unicells to complex biological organisms. It can be hypothesized that heliogeophysical factors other than the solar visible light, likely at the origin of the circadian system (with a period of about 24 hours), may be responsible for the infradian biosystems.
PMID: 7495901 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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162: Biofizika. 1995 May-Jun;40(3):624-38. Related Articles, Links
[Effect of radiofrequency range electromagnetic radiation on chemoreceptor structure]
[Article in Russian]
Filippova TM, Alekseev SI.
The data concerning the effects of radio frequency electromagnetic radiation on chemoreceptor systems available in current literature were reviewed. These effects were systematized by the level of organization of the systems including organisms, cell and subcell preparations and membrane structures. The different mechanisms which could underlie electromagnetic radiation effects were analyzed.
Publication Types:
* Review
* Review, Academic
PMID: 7662739 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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163: Fiziol Zh Im I M Sechenova. 1995 Apr;81(4):21-31. Related Articles, Links
[The physiological mechanisms of the regulation of zoosocial behavior in rats exposed to low-frequency electromagnetic fields]
[Article in Russian]
Sidiakin VG, Stashkov AM, Ianova NP, Chemodanova MA, Shumilina KA, Kirillova AV.
The infraslow frequency electromagnetic fields were shown to affect social activity in rats: the changes induced by territorial priority and isolation were eliminated, an interaction between the motor activity and the social status appeared. The monoaminergic system of the rat brain seems to take part in physiological mechanisms of regulation of the zoosocial behaviour according to changes in ambient conditions.
PMID: 7581573 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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164: Aviakosm Ekolog Med. 1995;29(4):9-12. Related Articles, Links
[Biotropic effects of electromagnetic fields: benefit or harm?]
[Article in Russian]
Agadzhanian NA, Kuraev GA, Sukhov AG.
An overview contains the analysis of controversial literary data on possible therapeutic and pathogenic effects of electromagnetic fields on humans. The non-specific character of body shifts induced by electromagnetic fields with a prevalence of adaptive reactions at the onset and an emergence of dysadaptive processes during extremely long exposure was displayed. The leading role in the development of a therapeutic or pathogenic effect is played by the functional characteristics of an individual postulating the interaction of cumulative and adaptive processes in the body during long-term exposure in an electromagnetic field.
Publication Types:
* Review
* Review, Tutorial
PMID: 8664866 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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165: Radiats Biol Radioecol. 1995 Jan-Feb;35(1):42-6. Related Articles, Links
[Effects of low-intensity electromagnetic irradiation and endogenous peptides on isolated neurons of Helix lucorum]
[Article in Russian]
Shchurov VA, Zakharov ND, Emel'ianov VB.
In experiments with isolated neurones of molluscan Helix lucorum the effects of low intensity electromagnetic fields (EMF) and endogenous peptides on the transmembrane current dynamics was studied. A certain relationship between peptides and EMF effects was shown. Some features of primary mechanisms of EMF biological action were clarified.
PMID: 7719430 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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166: Radiats Biol Radioecol. 1995 Jan-Feb;35(1):36-41. Related Articles, Links
[Changes in the secondary structure of DNA under the influence of external low-intensity electromagnetic field]
[Article in Russian]
Semin IuA, Shvartsburg LK, Dubovik BV.
PMID: 7719429 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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167: Dokl Akad Nauk. 1994 Jun;336(6):826-8. Related Articles, Links
[Effect of a low-energy pulse of EHF and SHF-radiation of nanosecond duration with a high peak intensity on biological structures (malignant neoplasms)]
[Article in Russian]
Deviatkov ND, Pletnev SD, Chernov ZS, Faikin VV, Bernashevskii GA, Shchitkov KG.
PMID: 7951017 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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168: Biofizika. 1994 May-Jun;39(3):515-8. Related Articles, Links
[Controlled effect of an impulse electromagnetic field on the central nervous system]
[Article in Russian]
Pestriaev VA.
Faint influences of impulses (1 ms) electromagnetic fields (173 A/m) with dynamic frequency-impulse modulation, which is regulated by feedback from electrocorticogram, and influences with fixed frequency of impulses run infra-low range affect on changing of current function state of central nervous system in different ways, is established. The white rats in the sleep-wake cycle were used in experiments. Besides, the first regimen of influence is more effective for changing of character of bioelectrical activity of cortex of head brain. The second one-for support of current processes of synchronization.
PMID: 8043642 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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169: Vopr Kurortol Fizioter Lech Fiz Kult. 1994 Mar-Apr;(2):9-12. Related Articles, Links
[The role of the central nervous system in realizing the action of UHF electromagnetic oscillations in the centimeter range on the function of the excited tissues in cold-blooded animals]
[Article in Russian]
Tereshin SIu.
Experiments with male frogs carried out in autumn-winter revealed that the effect of UHF centimeter band electromagnetic field on excitable tissues depends on these tissues functioning. Such an exposure had the most marked effect on animals with destroyed central nervous system and on isolated tissues. On the whole this exposure reduced muscular tissue threshold excitability and resulted in variously directed shifts of these thresholds in nervous tissue. Changes in tissue accommodation capacity under the effect of such electromagnetic field varied in nature and in direction.
PMID: 8017051 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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170: Biull Eksp Biol Med. 1994 Feb;117(2):182-5. Related Articles, Links
[Effect of electromagnetic fields on experimental developmental anomalies in amphibians]
[Article in Russian]
Savel'ev SV, Besova NV, Gulimova VI.
PMID: 8012028 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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171: Bioelectromagnetics. 1994;15(3):261-70. Related Articles, Links
Comment on:
* Bioelectromagnetics. 1993;14(1):1-4.
Effects of extremely-low-frequency magnetic fields on biological magnetite.
Polk C.
Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston 12881.
Adair [Bioelectromagnetics 14:1-4, 1993] writes that "the effects of 60 Hz magnetic fields of 5 microT (50 mG) or less on biological structures holding magnetite (Fe3O4) are shown to be much smaller than those from thermal agitation; hence such interactions cannot be expected to be biologically significant." This conclusion is questioned, because it appears to be based on a model that probably has very limited validity for pertinent biological systems. Furthermore, biologically plausible parameters can be selected to show that even this particular model does not exclude biologically significant effects of 60 Hz magnetic fields below 5 microT. Reported experimental results indicate effects in mammals of 50 Hz fields at the 1 microT level.
Publication Types:
* Comment
PMID: 8074740 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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172: Neurol Neurochir Pol. 1994 Jan-Feb;28(1):65-71. Related Articles, Links
[Influence of low frequency electromagnetic fields on the nervous system]
[Article in Polish]
Langauer-Lewowicka H, Marzec S.
Instytutu Medycyny Pracy i Zdrowia Srodowiskowego.
The methods present a short review of the literature dealing with non-thermal bioeffect of electromagnetic fields (EMF), mainly of low and extremely low frequency. The main attention is paid to the information about disorders of the nervous system and about epidemiologic studies of brain tumors in the population exposed to EMF. All quoted authors have stressed great difficulties in the right assessment of adverse effects due to EMF's because of their non-specific influence on the biological structures.
Publication Types:
* Review
* Review, Tutorial
PMID: 8028706 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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173: Vestn Ross Akad Med Nauk. 1994;(10):28-34. Related Articles, Links
[Current state of the hypothesis on functional continuum of regulatory peptides]
[Article in Russian]
Ashmarin IP, Obukhova MF.
Further development of the hypothesis of the functional continuum of regulatory peptides is given on the basis of new experimental evidence. Some basic schemes of the regulatory chains and cascades are considered, which explain some long-term involved physiological effects of short-living regulatory peptides.
Publication Types:
* Review
* Review, Tutorial
PMID: 7534535 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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174: Vopr Kurortol Fizioter Lech Fiz Kult. 1994 Jan-Feb;(1):8-9. Related Articles, Links
[The efficacy of low-intensity exposures in hypertension]
[Article in Russian]
Kniazeva TA, Otto MP, Markarov GS, Donova OM, Markarova IS.
One hundred hypertensive subjects with labile and stable disease were exposed to low-intensity low-frequency electrostatic field generated by the unit "Infita-A". In labile hypertension, the field produces a hypotensive effect, improves myocardial contractility, increases myocardial and coronary reserves due to reduced peripheral resistance and stimulation of myocardial propulsion. Therapeutic response to the treatment is attributed to normalization of deep brain structure functioning.
PMID: 8171859 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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175: Gig Sanit. 1993 Dec;(12):39-40. Related Articles, Links
[The effect of superhigh frequency electromagnetic radiation on the central nervous system]
[Article in Russian]
Krylova IN, Iasnetsov VV, Pal'tsev IuP, Il'in AB, Kuznetsova EIu, Balaeva NV.
PMID: 8125368 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
176: J Rheumatol. 1993 Dec;20(12):2166-7. Related Articles, Links
Comment on:
* J Rheumatol. 1993 Mar;20(3):456-60.
Electromagnetic fields for osteoarthritis.
Rush PJ.
Publication Types:
* Comment
* Letter
PMID: 8054058 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
177: Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1993 Oct;54(10):A335. Related Articles, Links
American Industrial Hygiene Association expanded position statement on extremely low frequency and magnetic fields.
[No authors listed]
PMID: 8237789 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
178: Fiziol Zh Im I M Sechenova. 1993 Oct;79(10):1-10. Related Articles, Links
[The reactions of the rabbit central nervous system to UHF electromagnetic fields]
[Article in Russian]
Galeev AL, Zhuravlev GI.
Publication Types:
* Review
* Review, Tutorial
PMID: 8167661 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
179: Panminerva Med. 1993 Sep;35(3):138-48. Related Articles, Links
Jacobson resonance is the basis from which to evaluate potential hazard and therapeutic benefit from extrinsic magnetic fields.
Jacobson JI.
Institute of Theoretical Physics and Advanced Studies for Biophysical Research, Jupiter, FL 334377-1418.
Jacobson resonance, a general form of Zeeman and cyclotron resonance, is proposed as a fundamental explanation relating to the effects of non-ionizing radiation on biological systems. The foundation of the mathematical perspective is presented. This theoretical model predicts the clinical efficacy of picoTesla magnetic fields in the treatment of neurological disorders. Recent clinical data is presented and analyzed. Additionally, recent experimental data concerning important biological frequency and amplitude windows is explained. More particularly, 16 Hz, 60 Hz, and 72 Hz windows are related to milliGauss magnetic fields and space fields.
PMID: 8090528 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
180: Med Biol Eng Comput. 1993 Jul;31 Suppl:S80-6. Related Articles, Links
Matching between theoretical and experimental data for ELF ion transport effects.
D'Inzeo G, Galli A, Palombo A.
Department of Electronic Engineering, La Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
In recent years, several studies have been focused on the problem of nonthermal interaction between extremely low-frequency (ELF) electromagnetic fields and cell environment at membrane level. In the paper, to analyse the dynamic effects of weak static and harmonic fields on charged particles, some new considerations have been developed, based on the Lorentz model. The authors have reached a suitable formulation so that the data processing has led expressly to the evaluation of ionic-velocity components against magnetic-field amplitudes and frequencies, as well as a viscosity parameter. Even through a direct and rough comparison, the results of the authors' investigation have demonstrated an interesting agreement with some experimental data relative to ionic fluxes through cell membranes. Indeed, by means of an algorithm based on the techniques of the inversion theory, the author's have found definite values of the viscosity parameter for which the expected resonant behaviours (amplitude and frequency windows) fit existing experiments well. It seems worthy of interest that such viscosity values fall within a consistent, narrow range of low amplitude.
PMID: 8231330 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
181: Bull Acad Natl Med. 1993 Jun;177(6):1031-40. Related Articles, Links
Very low frequency electromagnetic fields and health]
[Article in French]
Roucayrol JC.
PMID: 8221184 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
182: Gig Sanit. 1993 May;(5):73-5. Related Articles, Links
[Reaction of the epidermis to the effect of rotatory and alternating low-frequency electric fields]
[Article in Russian]
Belkin AD.
PMID: 8063179 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
183: Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1993 Apr;54(4):186-96. Related Articles, Links
Biological effects of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields: in vivo studies.
Anderson LE.
Bioelectromagnetics, Battelle, Pacific Northwest Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352.
This paper discusses the biological effects of exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields observed in animal studies. Three areas of investigation are reported: (1) studies on the nervous system, including behavior and neuroendocrine function; (2) experiments on cancer development in animals; and (3) measurements of currents and electric fields induced in animal models by exposure to external magnetic fields. An attempt is made to evaluate experimental results and interpret them with respect to potential health implications.
Publication Types:
* Review
* Review, Tutorial
PMID: 8480634 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
184: Chin Med Sci J. 1993 Mar;8(1):44-7. Related Articles, Links
The influence of electromagnetism on genes.
Jacobson JI.
Institute of Theoretical Physics and Advanced Studies for Biophysical Research, Jupiter, Florida 33458.
This paper reviews recent clinical and experimental work in the area of bioelectromagnetics. New insights into the possibilities of electromagnetism in therapeutics as well as diagnostics are proposed.
Publication Types:
* Review
* Review, Tutorial
PMID: 8274722 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
185: FASEB J. 1993 Feb 1;7(2):272-81. Related Articles, Links
Electromagnetic field interactions with biological systems.
Frey AH.
Randomline Inc., Huntingdon Valley, Pennsylvania 19006.
This is a report on Symposia organized by the International Society for Bioelectricity and presented at the 1992 FASEB Meeting. The presentations summarized here were intended to provide a sampling of new and fruitful lines of research. The theme topics for the Symposia were cancer, neural function, cell signaling, pineal gland function, and immune system interactions. Living organisms are complex electrochemical systems that evolved over billions of years in a world with a relatively simple weak magnetic field and with few electromagnetic energy emitters. As is characteristic of living organisms, they interacted with and adapted to this environment of electric and magnetic fields. In recent years there has been a massive introduction of equipment that emits electromagnetic fields in an enormous range of new frequencies, modulations, and intensities. As living organisms have only recently found themselves immersed in this new and virtually ubiquitous environment, they have not had the opportunity to adapt to it. This gives us, as biologists, the opportunity to use these electromagnetic fields as probes to study the functioning of living systems. This is a significant opportunity, as new approaches to studying living systems so often provide the means to make great leaps in science. In recent years, a diversity of biologists have carried out experiments using electromagnetic fields to study the function of living cells and systems. This approach is now becoming quite fruitful and is yielding data that are advancing our knowledge in diverse areas of biology.
Publication Types:
* Congresses
PMID: 8440406 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
186: Folia Med Cracov. 1993;34(1-4):173-8. Related Articles, Links
Electromagnetic effects on people.
Trainor L.
Department of Physics, MacLennon Physical Laboratory, University of Toronto, Ont., Canada.
This article discusses the current state of knowledge about the deleterious health effects arising from exposure of people, particularly children, to very low frequency electromagnetic fields. References are given to epidemiological studies bearing on cancer in people, and on laboratory studies on animals indicating stress-related effects on the immune system and on embryological development.
Publication Types:
* Review
* Review, Tutorial
PMID: 8175056 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
187: Integr Physiol Behav Sci. 1993 Jan-Mar;28(1):57-75. Related Articles, Links
A review of neuroendocrine and neurochemical changes associated with static and extremely low frequency electromagnetic field exposure.
Reiter RJ.
Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio 78284-7762.
Publication Types:
* Review
* Review, Tutorial
PMID: 8476743 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
188: Naturwissenschaften. 1992 Dec;79(12):551-9. Related Articles, Links
Mechanisms of electromagnetic interaction with cellular systems.
Grundler W, Kaiser F, Keilmann F, Walleczek J.
GSF-Forschungszentrum fur Umwelt und Gesundheit, Neuherberg, FRG.
The question of how electromagnetic fields--static or low to high frequency--interact with biological systems is of great interest. The current discussion among biologists, chemists, and physicists emphasizes aspects of experimental verification and of defining microscopic and macroscopic mechanisms. Both aspects are reviewed here. We emphasize that in certain situations nonthermal interactions of electromagnetic fields occur with cellular systems.
Publication Types:
* Review
* Review, Tutorial
PMID: 1480219 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
189: FASEB J. 1992 Oct;6(13):3177-85. Related Articles, Links
Electromagnetic field effects on cells of the immune system: the role of calcium signaling.
Walleczek J.
Research Medicine and Radiation Biophysics Division, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California 94720.
During the past decade considerable evidence has accumulated demonstrating that nonthermal exposures of cells of the immune system to extremely low-frequency (ELF) electromagnetic fields (< 300 Hz) can elicit cellular changes that might be relevant to in vivo immune activity. A similar responsiveness to nonionizing electromagnetic energy in this frequency range has also been documented for tissues of the neuroendocrine and musculoskeletal system. However, knowledge about the underlying biological mechanisms by which such fields can induce cellular changes is still very limited. It is generally believed that the cell membrane and Ca(2+)-regulated activity is involved in bioactive ELF field coupling to living systems. This article begins with a short review of the current state of knowledge concerning the effects of nonthermal levels of ELF electromagnetic fields on the biochemistry and activity of immune cells and then closely examines new results that suggest a role for Ca2+ in the induction of these cellular field effects. Based on these findings it is proposed that membrane-mediated Ca2+ signaling processes are involved in the mediation of field effects on the immune system.
Publication Types:
* Review
* Review, Tutorial
PMID: 1397839 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
190: J Neurosci Methods. 1992 Aug;44(1):43-6. Related Articles, Links
Positioning device for magnetically sensitive environments.
MacHattie DB, Pengelly LD.
Department of Electrical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Presented in this short communication are design principles for the construction of a positioning apparatus for biological specimens in magnetically sensitive environments. An apparatus with 3 degrees of freedom was built and found to provide position accuracy to within +/- 0.25 mm throughout a cubic volume measuring 9 cm on each side.
PMID: 1434750 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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191: Biofizika. 1992 Jul-Aug;37(4):825-31. Related Articles, Links
[Natural and technogenic electromagnetic background and its effect on the environment]
[Article in Russian]
Protasevich ET.
Causes of the initiation of natural and technogenic electromagnetic background, its effect on the man and environment are considered. Ideas are discussed of eliminating negative consequences of the effects of electromagnetic waves of different range on the man.
PMID: 1420434 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
192: Biofizika. 1992 Jul-Aug;37(4):647-52. Related Articles, Links
[Effect of fluctuations of solar activity of biological systems]
[Article in Russian]
Sidiakin VG.
PMID: 1420419 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
193: Biull Eksp Biol Med. 1992 Jul;114(7):52-4. Related Articles, Links
[Dynamics of calmodulin in cerebral structures under the action of modulated UHF electromagnetic fields]
[Article in Russian]
Katkov VF, Pavlovskii VF, Poltavchenko GM.
The influence of modulated UHF-electromagnetic fields (low intensity) on calmodulin levels in several brain structures was studied. It was shown that UHF-electromagnetic fields influence calmodulin levels in the hypothalamus and sensorimotor cortex. Its effect depends on modulation regimes.
PMID: 1421308 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
194: Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi. 1992 May;30(5):313-5. Related Articles, Links
[The effects of electrical fields on neurons]
[Article in Chinese]
Dong YQ.
Publication Types:
* Review
* Review, Tutorial
PMID: 1289014 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
195: Gematol Transfuziol. 1992 Apr;37(4):28. Related Articles, Links
[Effect of artificial electromagnetic fields on living organisms]
[Article in Russian]
Berg G.
PMID: 1426917 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
196: Bioelectromagnetics. 1992;Suppl 1:205-8. Related Articles, Links
Dosimetric extrapolations of extremely-low-frequency electric and magnetic fields across biological systems.
Polk C.
Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston 02881.
Publication Types:
* Review
* Review, Tutorial
PMID: 1285716 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
197: Eur J Morphol. 1992;30(4):306-8. Related Articles, Links
Literature on magnetic fields in life sciences.
Van Dorp R, Marani E.
Publication Types:
* Editorial
PMID: 1305832 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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198: Med Tekh. 1991 Nov-Dec;(6):37-9. Related Articles, Links
[An Elektronika-KVCh device for reflexotherapy]
[Article in Russian]
Pisanko OI.
PMID: 1779746 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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199: Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr. 1991 Jul 1;104(7):236-9. Related Articles, Links
[Interaction between the central nervous system and the immune system--review]
[Article in German]
Schlenker G, Lyhs L.
Institut fur Physiologie, Veterinarmedizinischen Fakultat, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin.
Results of research within the last years suggest that although the immune system has an autonomous regulation, it is nevertheless subject to control and regulation by the central nervous system. Likewise the central nervous system receives many informations from the immune system. There is a complete regulatory circle between both systems. Disturbances in one system cause changes in the other system. The mechanisms of mutual influences are described and their importance in the pathogenesis of diseases and disturbances of functions are discussed.
Publication Types:
* Review
* Review, Tutorial
PMID: 1898323 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
200: Health Phys. 1991 Jul;61(1):15-28. Related Articles, Links
Effects of low-energy electromagnetic fields (pulsed and DC) on membrane signal transduction processes in biological systems.
Luben RA.
Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside 92521.
The vertebrate organism possesses a number of internal processes for signaling and communication between cell types. Hormones and neurotransmitters move from one cell type to another and carry chemical "messages" that modulate the metabolic responses of tissues to the environment. Interaction with these signaling systems is a potential mechanism by which very low-energy electromagnetic fields might produce metabolic responses in the body. Hormone and neurotransmitter receptors are specialized protein molecules that use a variety of biochemical activities to pass chemical signals from the outside of a cell across the plasma membrane to the interior of the cell. Since many low-energy electromagnetic fields have too little energy to directly traverse the membrane, it is possible that they may modify the existing signal transduction processes in cell membranes, thus producing both transduction and biochemical amplification of the effects of the field itself. As an example of the kinds of processes that may be involved in these interactions, one metabolic process in which the physiological effects of low-energy electromagnetic fields is well established is the healing of bone fractures. The process of regulation of bone turnover and healing is reviewed in the context of clinical applications of electromagnetic energy to the healing process, especially for persistent nonunion fractures. A hypothetical molecular mechanism is presented that might account for the observed effects of electromagnetic fields on bone cell metabolism in terms of the fields' interference with signal transduction events involved in the hormonal regulation of osteoblast function and differentiation.
Publication Types:
* Review
* Review, Tutorial
PMID: 2061045 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
201: Biofizika. 1991 May-Jun;36(3):483-8. Related Articles, Links
[Effect of a low frequency electromagnetic field on biological cells]
[Article in Russian]
Zhgenti TG, Kevanishvili GSh.
Possibility of energy of low frequency electromagnetic waves transformation into the energy of multimodules mechanical vibrations of the biological membrane is proved for spherical and cylindrical models of the cell. Formula for calculating the membrane displacement from equilibrium position is derived.
PMID: 1911920 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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202: Vrach Delo. 1991 Mar;(3):49-51. Related Articles, Links
[The biological activity of a decameter-range electromagnetic field with a frequency of 24 MHz]
[Article in Russian]
Bezdol'naia IS, Dumanskii IuD, Smolia AL.
A study of behavioural reactions indicates that the effect of 24 MHz frequencies of the electromagnetic field results in changes of the ratio of excitatory and inhibitory processes in the nervous system of white rats with prevalence of inhibitory processes. By the 90-th day of effect of the above factor all changes returned to the initial level. This indicates stability of the adaptative reactions of the integrative level of the nervous system to the acting factor.
PMID: 2042349 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
203: Vopr Onkol. 1991;37(9-10):937-41. Related Articles, Links
[The effect of low-frequency electromagnetic fields on the development of experimental mammary tumors]
[Article in Russian]
Beniashvili DSh, Bilanishvili VG, Menabde MZ.
The paper discusses the effect of low-frequency electromagnetic fields on the development of nitrosomethylurea-induced breast cancer in rats. The occurrence, mean latency period and morphological pattern of breast malignancy was shown to depend upon duration of exposure to variable and static magnetic fields.
PMID: 1842653 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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204: Fertil Steril. 1990 Nov;54(5):955. Related Articles, Links
Comment in:
* Fertil Steril. 1991 Aug;56(2):375-6.
Comment on:
* Fertil Steril. 1990 Jan;53(1):185.
Hazards of electromagnetic fields to human reproduction: what information is in the scientific literature?
Jauchem JR.
Publication Types:
* Comment
* Letter
PMID: 2226936 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
205: J R Soc Med. 1990 Oct;83(10):670-2. Related Articles, Links
Comment on:
* J R Soc Med. 1990 Feb;83(2):63-4.
Health effects of electromagnetic fields.
[No authors listed]
Publication Types:
* Comment
* Letter
PMID: 2286978 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
206: Lijec Vjesn. 1990 Sep-Oct;112(9-10):329-34. Related Articles, Links
[The central nervous system and immunity]
[Article in Croatian]
Boranic M.
Institut Ruder Boskovic, Zagreb.
The neuroendocrine control of the immune response is mediated by products shared by both the nervous and the immune system. The "classical" neurotransmitters (monoamines, acetylcholine, oligo- and polipeptides) modulate the activity of the immunocompetent cells, and vice versa, the products of activated immunocompetent cells (interleukins) affect the neurons and the glia-cells. The autonomous innervation of the lymphatic tissue receives and transmits impulses. Activation of the immune system is accompanied by increased electrophysiological activity of the hypothalamus and by altered levels of various hormones. These changes contribute to the "fine tuning" of specificity of the immune response. The neuroendocrine regulatory mechanisms modulate the immune reactivity to a higher or a lower level, and determine the psychophysiological resistance or susceptibility to the infectious, autoimmune and neoplastic diseases.
Publication Types:
* Review
* Review, Academic
PMID: 1982717 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
207: Sygeplejersken. 1990 Aug 15;90(33):25. Related Articles, Links
[Side effects of magnetic fields on mouse fetuses]
[Article in Danish]
Rossen J.
PMID: 2291187 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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208: Gig Sanit. 1990 Aug;(8):59-61. Related Articles, Links
[Functional status of workers engaged in connecting high-voltage electric power lines]
[Article in Russian]
Bezdol'naia IS.
The conducted studies reveal ambiguity of the functional state of a number of body systems of those working at connected high-voltage power lines (HVPL). It is pointed out that further studies are necessary in this field, special attention should be paid to the problems of time study and ergonomic evaluation of the work at HVPL, and physical factors' measurements affecting voltage-exposed workers.
PMID: 2283070 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
209: Fiziol Zh. 1990 Jul-Aug;36(4):115-21. Related Articles, Links
[The hypothesis of acupuncture points as polymodal receptors of the ecoceptive sensitivity system]
[Article in Russian]
Limanskii IuP.
Hypothesis is proposed that the human brain has the sensory system (ecoceptive sensory system) which responds to changes of the Earth electromagnetic fields (EEFs) and meteorologic factors (MFs). Acupuncture points which are activated easily by adequate somatosensory stimuli (mechanical, temperature) and electromagnetic fields (electropuncture, magnetopuncture) can be polymodal receptors of the ecoceptive sensory system. It is supposed that the sensory endings of acupuncture points are excited by sharp changes ef EEFs and MFs. Through the neuronal brain stem structures, especially through hypothalamus, acupuncture points excitation starts the adaptive mechanisms intended to compensate the brain functional systems deviations, provoked by prolonged EEFs and unsettled weather environmental influences.
Publication Types:
* Review
* Review, Tutorial
PMID: 2226940 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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210: Kosm Biol Aviakosm Med. 1990 May-Jun;24(3):3-11. Related Articles, Links
[Effect of low-frequency electromagnetic fields on the individual functional systems of the body]
[Article in Russian]
Zagorskaia EA, Klimovitskii VIa, Mel'nichenko VP, Rodina GP, Semenov SN.
This paper is a review of recent publications about the effects of low frequency electromagnetic fields (EMF) (constant and pulsed) on the cardiovascular, neuroendocrine, and blood systems of experimental animals and industrial workers exposed to them. It is reported that the regulatory systems (nervous and endocrine) are highly sensitive to EMF. It is obvious that investigations of hormone-receptor interactions can help better understand EMF effects on the endocrine system and the body as a whole. Published data about EMF effects on the cardiovascular system and blood are often contradictory, probably, because of different estimates of allowable limits recognized in various countries. It is hypothesized that circulatory changes are largely dependent on the central regulatory structures, particularly hypothalamus. White blood responses to the exposure, being most significant among hematological reactions, are also induced, to a certain extent, by regulatory mechanisms. The EMF effects may depend on the initial state and individual properties of the biological organism. It is postulated that the EMF effects on regulatory mechanisms may be related to primary disorders in cellular and mitochondrial membranes.
Publication Types:
* Review
* Review, Academic
PMID: 2197500 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
211: Rev Med Chir Soc Med Nat Iasi. 1990 Apr-Jun;94(2):313-7. Related Articles, Links
[Psychoneuroimmunological connections (II)]
[Article in Romanian]
Priboi RN.
Spitalul Municipal 1 Galati.
Complementary neuro-endocrine-immune data, concomitant and successive lesions at the central nervous and immune systems as well as clinical interferences make possible the use of psychoimmunology in the various aspects of the diagnostic and therapeutic process. This paper makes references to the hypotheses regarding the share the immunobiological factors have in the pathogenesis of schizophrenic psychoses, affective disturbances, psychotic production consecutive to infections and/or febrile processes. The influence of psychic state on the evolution od some somatic affections with immunopathological determinism is also discussed.
Publication Types:
* Review
* Review, Tutorial
PMID: 2100841 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
212: Kosm Biol Aviakosm Med. 1989 Nov-Dec;23(6):4-14. Related Articles, Links
[Reaction of the endocrine system to continuous and intermittent electromagnetic fields]
[Article in Russian]
Zagorskaia EA.
This paper reviews Soviet and foreign data about the effects of low frequency electromagnetic fields of continuous and intermittent generation on the endocrine system of animals and humans. It has been shown that the pituitary-adrenal, pituitary-thyroid and reproductive systems are sensitive to these effects. It is postulated that the endocrine responses to electromagnetic effects are similar to the general adaptive reactions to various pathophysiological exposures.
Publication Types:
* Review
* Review, Tutorial
PMID: 2696838 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
213: Panminerva Med. 1989 Oct-Dec;31(4):151-65. Related Articles, Links
On the electro-magnetic nature of life.
Jacobson JI.
Man has wondered since the dawning of thought about the origin and the meaning of the spark of life. How does life work and what is the difference between life and non-life? This paper wonders about the part that electromagnetism plays in the life process. It proposes a new insight into the relation of in vivo electromagnetic fields and gravitational fields and discusses such manifestations as solitons, the quantum hall effect, gravity waves, biological strings, biologically closed electric circuits, phonos and the piezoelectric nature of living tissue. It proposes a new and fundamental form of resonance, called Jacobson resonance. The system unifies quantum genetic characters and associated structures with electromagnetic field interaction energies. The result is the reorientation of atomic crystal lattice structures of organic molecules critical to the sustenance of life. A new treatment methodology is proposed for genomic, viral and trophic factor disorders essentially in terms of the potential efficacy of the magnetic force to reorient the spin angular momenta of electrons and protons; to therein rearrange atomic and molecular magnetic domains regulating homeostasis on microscopic, mesosopic and macroscopic levels through biological amplification of quantum interactions. Finally it proposes that the equation, mc2 = Bvl coulomb, may indeed represent the achievement of fourfold physical unification, the unification of physics and medicine, and resultant production of a thorough understanding of what may be the most fundamental natural law of the universe representing the ultimate goal of Einsteinian equivalence and relativistic field theory.
PMID: 2633105 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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214: Biofizika. 1989 Sep-Oct;34(5):898-900. Related Articles, Links
[Dissipative functions of processes of electromagnetic radiation interaction with biological objects]
[Article in Russian]
Chukova IuP.
Entropy generation rate inside the biological systems due to internal irreversible processes of the interaction with electromagnetic radiation is calculated for the processes of chemical free-energy increase. The irreversibility of several processes (photosynthesis in plants, eyesight of man, bioresonance effects of high frequencies of microwaves) is estimated under concrete experimental conditions. It is shown that the irreversible of five biological processes differs very much (by 10(8) times).
PMID: 2611289 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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215: Dent Cadmos. 1989 Feb 15;57(2):82-9. Related Articles, Links
[Magnets and orthognathodontics. Biological-clinical overview. 1]
[Article in Italian]
Maestripieri M, Giorgetti R, Nocchi L, Nannelli P.
A review of the physical properties of the magnetic fields is reported. Particular attention has been paid to the biological and clinical aspects of the electromagnetic fields applied to living structures of cells and bone tissue both susceptible to this exposition.
Publication Types:
* Review
* Review, Tutorial
PMID: 2699871 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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216: Gig Tr Prof Zabol. 1989;(10):16-9. Related Articles, Links
[Biological effects of the action of permanent magnetic fields of various intensities]
[Article in Russian]
Syromiatnikov IuP, Roshchin VA, Surkova TP.
The data on biologic effect of constant magnetic fields (CMF) of various intensity were presented. It was shown that animals (white rats) exposed to CMF of 1600-400 kA/m experienced moderately distinct functional changes, manifested by raising excitability of the CNS spinal sections, hypothermic reactions and variations in some blood indices. CMF of 80 kA/m and lower produced no unfavorable effect on animals. It was supposed to use the obtained data in the improvement of CMF hygienic standardization.
PMID: 2591804 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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217: Cell Biophys. 1988 Dec;13(3):221-4. Related Articles, Links
Coherence of electromagnetic radiation in biological systems.
Del Guidice E, Doglia S, Milani M, Vitiello G.
Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Italy.
PMID: 2465830 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
218: Biull Eksp Biol Med. 1988 Jun;105(6):738-41. Related Articles, Links
[Subcellular mechanisms of the action of weak extra-low frequency electromagnetic fields on the cerebral cortex]
[Article in Russian]
Akimova IM, Novikova TA.
Electron microscopic examinations of the cerebral cortex in rabbits and rats after exposure to weak extra-low electromagnetic fields has detected ultrastructural changes whose degree in different nerve tissue elements was dependent on the duration of irradiation. Single exposure to weak extra-low electromagnetic field resulted only in the glial response of the neocortex, while multiple exposure resulted alternately in the response of glial cells or neuronal bodies. Three days after a single exposure and within 15 days after multiple exposure to electromagnetic field a complete repair of the nervous tissue was observed. No destructive or pathological alterations have been found which suggests the functional character of the reactions induced. Neuro-morphological alterations are of a similar character when induced by weak extra-low electromagnetic fields or other biophysical effects which points to common subcellular mechanisms of nonspecific adaptive reactions.
PMID: 3390596 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
219: Gegenbaurs Morphol Jahrb. 1988;134(6):847-65. Related Articles, Links
[The electrodynamics of biological processes]
[Article in German]
Fischer G.
The relations between field-physics and biology are systematically and continuously being inspected. In this paper, the electromagnetic field is taken into consideration, too. An objective point for a biological system of equations corresponding with MAXWELL-equations is given. Therefore processes of the growth and procreation are to be regarded as a unit. A new natural constant called b can be predetermined from field-biology. A triplet of natural constants--c, h, and b--enables a solid connection between physics and biology.
Publication Types:
* Review
* Review, Tutorial
PMID: 3068094 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
220: Prog Clin Biol Res. 1988;257:107-17. Related Articles, Links
Stimulation of brain tissue in vitro by extremely low frequency, low intensity, sinusoidal electromagnetic fields.
Blackman CF.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711.
PMID: 3344266 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
221: Prog Clin Biol Res. 1988;257:1-401. Related Articles, Links
Electromagnetic fields and neurobehavioral function.
[No authors listed]
PMID: 3344265 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
222: Vopr Onkol. 1987;33(8):77-81. Related Articles, Links
[Possibility of using high-frequency electromagnetic fields for modeling local controlled hyperthermia]
[Article in Russian]
Kratenok VE, Fradkin SZ, Zhavrid EA.
The possibility to use high-frequency electromagnetic fields (13.56 MHz) as a means of controlled local heating of deep and massive tissue areas was shown in 196 experiments on tissue equivalent phantoms and 20 healthy dogs. The advantages of each type of high-frequency emitters were determined. The thermometric evaluation of heat distribution in local high-frequency heating used in complex treatment of 12 patients with sarcomas of the locomotor system confirmed the experimental results.
PMID: 3630033 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
223: Boll Soc Ital Biol Sper. 1986 Jun 30;62(6):749-56. Related Articles, Links
[Comparison of exposure systems of cultured cells to low-frequency electromagnetic fields]
[Article in Italian]
Gualtieri G, Reale M, Cirone R, Alesse E, Fieschi C, Fiore S, Di Eugenio R, Altamura A.
PMID: 3790312 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
224: Vopr Kurortol Fizioter Lech Fiz Kult. 1985 Sep-Oct;(5):16-8. Related Articles, Links
[Experimental study of possible mechanisms of meteopathic reactions in the body during inflammatory diseases of the lungs]
[Article in Russian]
Semenov VL, Kubyshkin AV.
PMID: 4072061 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
225: Fiziol Cheloveka. 1985 Mar-Apr;11(2):293-9. Related Articles, Links
[Effect of a single dose of weak ultra-low frequency electromagnetic fields on endocrine indicators]
[Article in Russian]
Zagorskaia EA.
PMID: 4007336 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
226: Gig Sanit. 1984 Sep;(9):37-40. Related Articles, Links
[Hygienic standards for the electromagnetic fields of radio-locating systems]
[Article in Russian]
Dumanskii IuD, Ivanov DS, Nikitina NG, Tomashevskaia LA.
PMID: 6519492 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
227: Fiziol Zh. 1984 May-Jun;30(3):323-32. Related Articles, Links
[Integrative mechanisms of regulating hemodynamics]
[Article in Russian]
Gurevich MI.
PMID: 6734829 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
228: J Anat. 1983 Oct;137 (Pt 3):513-36. Related Articles, Links
Pulse shape of magnetic fields influences chick embryogenesis.
Ubeda A, Leal J, Trillo MA, Jimenez MA, Delgado JM.
A total of 295 chick embryos was exposed during the first 48 hours of development to pulsed electromagnetic fields of 100 Hz and 0.4 to 104 microTeslas (micro T), and findings were compared with those in 364 control embryos. General morphology was analysed and supplemented by light microscopy studies. Exposure to electromagnetic fields with a pulse rise time of 100 microseconds produced teratogenic changes when intensities of 1.0 and 13.9 micro T were used but not with lower or higher intensities, demonstrating a 'window' effect and ruling out the possible influence of a rise in internal embryonic temperature. Exposure to an electromagnetic field of 1.0 micro T specifically altered organogenesis of the truncal nervous system and drastically reduced the alcian blue-stained components, whereas with an intensity of 13.9 micro T, there were abnormalities in the circulatory system and foregut, altering cell-to-cell contacts in the walls of developing vessels. When embryos were exposed to intensities of 0.4 and 1.0 micro T with 2.0 and 42 microseconds pulse rise times, teratogenic effects were greater and alterations involved all developing systems. The most powerful effects were obtained with 1.0 micro T and 42 microseconds rise time. The findings confirm the sensitivity of chick embryos to electromagnetic fields of extremely low frequency and intensity and indicate that pulse shape may be a decisive parameter determining strong, slight, or no modification of embryonic development. Mechanisms of action of electromagnetic fields are still unclear, but induced alterations in extracellular glycosaminoglycans could be a causal factor in the observed malformations.
PMID: 6654743 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
229: Vet Res Commun. 1983 Sep;6(4):265-79. Related Articles, Links
Biological effects of electromagnetic fields on vertebrates. A review.
Algers B, Hennichs K.
Papers dealing with biological effects of electromagnetic fields are reviewed. The data indicate that certain biological changes are caused by exposure to electromagnetic fields. There is at present, however, no evidence of specific causal mechanisms.
Publication Types:
* Review
PMID: 6359665 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
230: Minerva Med. 1983 Apr 7;74(14-15):823-33. Related Articles, Links
[Magnetotherapy in clinical and ambulatory practice]
[Article in Italian]
Annaratone G, Rapelli G, Graziano G.
The results of experimental research into the physical, physiological and biological effects on the tissues of electromagnetic fields are analysed. The research was conducted on 354 patients either hospitalised or treated in outpatients departments for orthopaedic conditions. These patients were treated with electromagnetic currents for a period of 10 days and the effects mainly on oedema, pain and inflammation were evaluated. The effects were distinctly positive especially in the case of acute lesions. In addition, no unpleasant or harmful topical or systemic side effects were observed.
PMID: 6835571 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
231: Gig Tr Prof Zabol. 1983 Feb;(2):7-10. Related Articles, Links
[Integral determination of changes in central nervous system function during intellectual work]
[Article in Russian]
Lisitsyna KA.
PMID: 6840609 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
232: Bull Inst Marit Trop Med Gdynia. 1983;34(1-2):11-21. Related Articles, Links
Assessment of the hazards of electromagnetic fields emitted by the equipment aboard towards humans (nervous and circulatory systems).
Dolmierski R, Nitka J, Waskiewicz J.
PMID: 6679459 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
233: Radiobiologiia. 1982 Sep-Oct;22(5):687-90. Related Articles, Links
[Effect of magnetic fields on the radiation sensitivity of mice. 1. Effect of infra-low frequency of magnetic fields of low intensity on survival of experimental animals after x-ray irradiation]
[Article in Russian]
Kopylov AN, Troitskii MA.
PMID: 7178445 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
234: J Audiov Media Med. 1982 Jul;5(3):84-91. Related Articles, Links
Kirlian photography--an appraisal.
Ebrahim H, Williams R.
PMID: 7130626 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
235: J Anat. 1982 May;134 (Pt 3):533-51. Related Articles, Links
Embryological changes induced by weak, extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields.
Delgado JM, Leal J, Monteagudo JL, Gracia MG.
Fertilized chicken eggs were incubated for 48 hours while exposed to extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELMF) of 10 Hz, 100 Hz and 1000 Hz with intensities of 0.12, 1.2 and 12 micro T. Gross morphological and histological analysis of the exposed embryos revealed the following effects: (1) ELMF of 100 Hz/1.2 micro T had the most consistent and powerful inhibitory effect on embryogenesis. Development of embryos was reduced to the formation of the three primitive layers. Brain vesicles, auditory pit, neural tube, foregut, heart, vessels, and somites were not developed. Glycosaminoglycans were almost absent. (2) The above results demonstrate a window effect because embryos exposed to 100 Hz/1.2 micro T were less developed than embryos exposed at lower and higher intensities and frequencies. (3) Developing organs reacted with different sensitivity to ELMF of specific frequencies and intensities. Somites were not disturbed by exposure to 10 Hz with any of the intensities used. Formation of blood vessels was completely blocked by ELMF of 1000 Hz/12 micro T while traces of other organs were present. (4) The drastic embryological disturbances described were obtained with much lower intensities (1 micro T = 0.01 Gauss) than those used in studies by other investigators. (5) Embryological alterations induced by ELMF may depend on disturbances in the presence and structure of glycosaminoglycans which are essential elements in cellular activities, including cell migration. (6) The use of ELMF of low intensity may be a powerful method to investigate embryogenetic mechanisms and may also be a useful technique for investigation of other biological systems.
PMID: 7107514 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
236: Kosm Biol Aviakosm Med. 1982 May-Jun;16(3):91-2. Related Articles, Links
[Action of low-intensity electromagnetic fields on human and animal erythrocytes]
[Article in Russian]
Shabaev VP.
PMID: 7098422 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
237: Arkh Patol. 1982;44(12):3-11. Related Articles, Links
[Morphological characteristics and various theories on the mechanism of biological effect of magnetic fields]
[Article in Russian]
Toroptsev IV, Taranov SV.
High sensitivity of biological objects to magnetic fields is shown on the basis of an analysis of the literature data and the authors' own studies. The intensity of the biological action of magnetic fields depends on the biotropic parameters of the field, while the pattern of the response depends upon the functional status of the living system. The morphofunctional changes developing in response to the effect of the magnetic field are initially adaptive. The development of pathological changes indicates a failure of the adaptive mechanisms. The authors distinguish the following components in the mechanism of biological action of magnetic fields: (1) quantum-biochemical interaction of the magnetic field with the biological substrate, (2) reception by the living system of the results of the magnetic field effect, (3) response of the system to the magnetic field.
Publication Types:
* Review
PMID: 6762187 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
238: Bioelectromagnetics. 1982;3(1):91-103. Related Articles, Links
Physiologic regulation in electromagnetic fields.
Michaelson SM.
Electromagnetic fields have been demonstrated to elicit thermoregulatory responses, neuroendocrine, neurochemical modulations, and behavioral reactions. These physiologic regulatory processes are exquisitely tuned, interrelated functions that constitute sensitive indicators of organismic responses to radiofrequency energy absorption (the radiofrequency portion of the electromagnetic spectrum includes as one part microwaves). Assessment of the integration and correlation of these functions relative to the thermal inputs and homeokinetic reactions of the individual subjected to radiofrequency energy should permit differentiation between potential hazards that might compromise the individual's ability to maintain normal physiologic function and effects that are compensated by physiologic redundancy.
PMID: 7082396 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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239: Bioelectromagnetics. 1982;3(1):1-177. Related Articles, Links
The interaction of acoustical and electromagnetic fields with biological systems.
[No authors listed]
PMID: 7082381 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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240: Biofizika. 1982 Jan-Feb;27(1):162-3. Related Articles, Links
[Effect of high-frequency electromagnetic field on tetraphenylborate transport through bilayer lipid membranes]
[Article in Russian]
Alekseev SI, Tiazhelov VV, Faizova LKh, Chertishchev VV.
PMID: 7066390 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
241: Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol Suppl. 1982;36:715-29. Related Articles, Links
Neurophysiological effects of electromagnetic fields. A critical review.
Mild KH, Oberg PA.
PMID: 6962058 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
242: Neurol Res. 1982;4(1-2):115-53. Related Articles, Links
Nonlinear wave mechanisms in interactions between excitable tissue and electromagnetic fields.
Lawrence AF, Adey WR.
It is now well established that intrinsic electromagnetic fields play a key role in a broad range of tissue functions, including embryonic morphogenesis, wound healing, and information transmission in the nervous system. These same processes may be profoundly influenced by eletromagnetic fields induced by an external force. Tissue exposure to extremely low frequency (ELF) and ELF-modulated microwave fields at levels below those inducing significant thermal effects has revealed highly nonlinear mechanisms as a basis for observed effects. Interactions of phonons and excitons along linear molecules may produce nonlinear molecular vibrations in the form of soliton waves. Solitons exist in a minimal energy state and are extremely long-lived in comparison to linear oscillations. Solitons may convey energy released by chemical reactions from one site to another in enzymes of other long-chain proteins. These nonlinear waves may also couple reaction-diffusion processes in the intracellular and extracellular domains. A model is proposed for interaction between excitable tissue and electromagnetic fields, based on nonlinear waves in the cell membrane, with ionic interactions as an essential step. Calcium fluxes in the extracellular space of the central system are modeled by a nonlinear reaction-diffusion system. Membrane molecular solitons may exist in long-chain molecules (Davydov type) and play a significant role in charge transfer; or they may exist as nonlinear waves conveying energy along gel-lipid domains from one protein site to another (Sine-Gordon soliton). Soliton movements occur at subsonic velocities.
PMID: 6127642 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
243: Probl Kosm Biol. 1982;43:98-108. Related Articles, Links
[Neural and cardiac activity changes in animals of various ages exposed to low-frequency and low-intensity electromagnetic fields]
[Article in Russian]
Volynskii AM.
PMID: 7100162 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
244: Probl Kosm Biol. 1982;43:139-47. Related Articles, Links
[Pathologico-anatomic characteristics of experimental myocardial infarct in exposure to low-frequency low-intensity electromagnetic fields]
[Article in Russian]
Artishchenko VA, Vinogradov SA, Volynskii AM, Perederii VG.
PMID: 7100153 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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245: Probl Kosm Biol. 1982;43:166-74. Related Articles, Links
[Sun-Earth relations in biology and the phenomenon of frequency "capture"]
[Article in Russian]
Vladimirskii BM.
Publication Types:
* Review
PMID: 7048297 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
246: Probl Kosm Biol. 1982;43:148-66. Related Articles, Links
[Biological system reactions to adequate weak low-frequency electromagnetic fields]
[Article in Russian]
Kislovskii LD.
Publication Types:
* Review
PMID: 7048296 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
247: Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg [B]. 1981 Dec;174(4):287-98. Related Articles, Links
[Bioclimatological significance of atmospheric electric factors. Report on the present state of research (author's transl)]
[Article in German]
Fischer G.
Publication Types:
* Review
PMID: 7041487 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
248: Vopr Kurortol Fizioter Lech Fiz Kult. 1981 Nov-Dec;(6):19-22. Related Articles, Links
[Use of diadynamic currents for the electrophoretic introduction of drugs (experimental study)]
[Article in Russian]
Butskevich GK, Ulashchik VS.
PMID: 7336633 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
249: Vrach Delo. 1981 Mar;(3):105-6. Related Articles, Links
[Treatment of lumbosacral radiculitis]
[Article in Russian]
Chopchik DI.
PMID: 7293128 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
250: J Belge Med Phys Rehabil. 1981;4(3):117-30. Related Articles, Links
[High-frequency electromagnetic waves and biological materials]
[Article in French]
Garsou J.
PMID: 7345083 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
251: Oftalmol Zh. 1981;36(6):331-4. Related Articles, Links
[Effect of continuous and impulse magnetic fields on the ultrastructure of various parts of the eye]
[Article in Russian]
Skrinnik AV, Dumbrova NE.
PMID: 7312263 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
252: Biull Eksp Biol Med. 1980 Nov;90(11):602-5. Related Articles, Links
[Effect of fluctuating electromagnetic fields on the processes of growth and blastomogenesis]
[Article in Russian]
Iur'ev VN, Krasnogorskaia NV.
Rats were exposed to low-frequency electromagnetic field, adequate to the natural background, with Gaussian energy distribution, spectrum width 15 kHz, and field intensity 5 V/cm. Electric fluctuations were shown to have an inhibitory action on the normal growth of the animals and on blastoma development. This action reaches maximum with the greatest build-up gradient. As the frequency band of the field of action increase, the inhibitory effect declines.
PMID: 7004528 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
253: Angiologia. 1980 Sep-Oct;32(5):212-6. Related Articles, Links
[Pulsating electromagnetic fields of low frequency: their use in peripheral vascular diseases]
[Article in Spanish]
Cacciatore E, Cadossi R, Caselli G.
PMID: 7425386 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
254: Fysiatr Revmatol Vestn. 1980 Aug;58(4):206-15. Related Articles, Links
[Intermittent electromagnetic fields and their effect on awareness and headache]
[Article in Czech]
Grunner O.
PMID: 7191399 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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255: Radiobiologiia. 1980 Jul-Aug;20(4):623-5. Related Articles, Links
[Effect of the biological action of dibutylphenylphosphate and microwave radiation (2400 MHz)]
[Article in Russian]
Belkin VI, Tikhonchuk VS.
PMID: 7413954 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
256: Kardiol Pol. 1980;23(11):979-93. Related Articles, Links
[Magnetocardiography]
[Article in Polish]
Dunajski Z, Nalecz M.
PMID: 7463945 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
257: Probl Khig. 1980;5:22-7. Related Articles, Links
[Changes in arterial elasticity after high-frequency electromagnetic field irradiation]
[Article in Bulgarian]
Izrael M.
Results are reported and discussed of elastographic studies in human subjects, irradiated with electromagnetic field, 66 kH frequency and 40 V/m and 0.14 A/m intensities, i.e. with low intensity electric field (borderline normal values for a whole working day). Two types of response to electric field exposure were recorded, depending on the baseline state of the arteries. The changes in the functional state of the vascular system are characterized by signs of hypotonia and vascular tonus changes. The technique of indirect determination of blood vessel elasticity shows a high sensitivity in these weak electromagnetic fildes and may be used in studies on human subjects, professionally exposed to high intensity fields.
PMID: 7443658 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
258: Arkh Patol. 1978;40(1):3-13. Related Articles, Links
[Systems disinhibition and disintegration in pathology]
[Article in Russian]
Kryzhanovskii GN.
Two phenomena of universal biological significance are described, namely, disinhibition of the functional structures and disintegration of the biological systems. Both phenomena are interrelated: disintegration of systems releases its component functional structures from inhibition, and the uncontrolled activity of the disinhibited (hyperactive) functional structures leads further disintegration. These phenomena are initiated by a lesion. Disinhibition of the functional structures manifests itself differently in various systems, but it is always based on the deficiency of biological control. The formation of hyperactive structures as determinants which transform physiological systems into pathological ones, as well as derepression of subsequent links of the cellular genetic apparatus are particularly important in these phenomena. Some tissue processes have been investigated with regard to the latter. Under normal conditions the controlled disinhibition (facilitation) or derepression may be physiologically important and necessary for functioning. In the paper, a class of pathological processes termed as regulation diseases resulting from disturbances in the function regulation is defined.
Publication Types:
* Review
PMID: 343757 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
259: Int J Biometeorol. 1977 Dec;21(4):357-65. Related Articles, Links
Behavioral effects in monkeys exposed to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields.
de Lorge JO, Grissett JD.
PMID: 413798 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
260: Acta Psiquiatr Psicol Am Lat. 1977 Sep;23(3):221-8. Related Articles, Links
[The Kirlian effect, energetic body and psychiatry]
[Article in Spanish]
Lerner M.
PMID: 602805 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
261: Vrach Delo. 1977 Jun;(6):128-31. Related Articles, Links
[Effect of electromagnetic energy of industrial frequency on the nervous system of humans and animals]
[Article in Russian]
Popovich VM, Koziarin IP.
PMID: 883260 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
262: Cas Lek Cesk. 1976 Jul 16;115(28):846-52. Related Articles, Links
[Psyche and electromagnetic fields (author's transl)]
[Article in Czech]
Grunner.
PMID: 954040 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
263: Biomed Tech (Berl). 1976 Jul-Aug;21(6):185-8. Related Articles, Links
[Measurement of low frequency electrical fields with a solid state electrometer probe (author's transl)]
[Article in German]
Bach W, Lang S.
PMID: 953127 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
264: Gig Sanit. 1976 Mar;(3):110-1. Related Articles, Links
[Deactivation of certain products]
[Article in Russian]
Aronskii AI, Nuriagdyev SK, Shamova VA, Durdyev R.
PMID: 1269945 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
265: Probl Gematol Pereliv Krovi. 1975 Apr;20(4):31-3. Related Articles, Links
[Effect of ultra-high frequency electromagnetic fields on erythrocytes preserved at low temperature]
[Article in Russian]
Zaliubovskaia NP, Gordienko OI, Kiselev RI.
PMID: 1228761 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
266: Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1974;238:273-9. Related Articles, Links
Differential biologic effects of pulsed and continuous electromagnetic fields and mechanisms of effect.
Frey AH.
Publication Types:
* Review
PMID: 4613239 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
267: Gig Tr Prof Zabol. 1973 Jul;17(7):22-5. Related Articles, Links
[Effect of the meter-bandwidth electromagnetic field on the nervous system of animals according to physiological and biochemical study data]
[Article in Russian]
Goncharova NN, Mishchenko LI.
PMID: 4798646 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
268: Usp Fiziol Nauk. 1973 Apr-Jun;4(2):101-35. Related Articles, Links
[Central mechanisms of the effect of electromagnetic fields]
[Article in Russian]
Sudakov KV, Antimonii GD.
Publication Types:
* Review
PMID: 4616474 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
269: Biull Eksp Biol Med. 1972 Sep;73(9):14-6. Related Articles, Links
[Induction of experimental sleep in cats by the action of low-frequency modulated electromagnetic fields]
[Article in Russian]
Ban'kov VI.
PMID: 4638356 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
270: Gig Sanit. 1972 Aug;37(8):87-92. Related Articles, Links
[Health aspects of the effect on the body of superhigh frequency electromagnetic fields]
[Article in Russian]
Troianskii MP.
Publication Types:
* Review
PMID: 4570461 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
271: Zh Vyssh Nerv Deiat Im I P Pavlova. 1971 May-Jun;21(3):525-34. Related Articles, Links
[Effect of large doses of super-high-frequency electromagnetic fields on the nervous system of animals during conditioned-reflex activity]
[Article in Russian]
Belokrinitskii VS.
PMID: 5564132 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
272: Biomed Tech (Berl). 1971 Apr;16(2):67-72. Related Articles, Links
[The effect of electromagnetic extremely low frequency alternating fields on higher organisms]
[Article in German]
Ludwig HW.
PMID: 5108305 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
273: C R Seances Soc Biol Fil. 1971;165(9):1952-6. Related Articles, Links
[Effect of a very high frequency electromagnetic radiation on sensitivity to pentetrazol in white mice]
[Article in French]
Servantie B, Bertharion G, Joly R.
PMID: 4263132 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
274: Sov Med. 1970 Sep;33(9):138-9. Related Articles, Links
[Etiology of neuroendocrine disturbances in the prolonged effects of an ultra-high frequency electromagnetic field]
[Article in Russian]
Ermankov EV, Murashov BF.
PMID: 5494158 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
275: Vrach Delo. 1969 Nov;11:108-11. Related Articles, Links
[Biological action of ultrahigh frequency electromagnetic waves of low intensity]
[Article in Russian]
Serdiuk AM.
PMID: 5384395 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
276: Arch Phys Ther (Leipz). 1969 Mar-Apr;21(2):127-34. Related Articles, Links
[Experimental studies and theoretical considerations on the dynamics of the low frequency electromagnetic fields produced with the Magnetodiaflux apparatus]
[Article in German]
Bittman-Coros L, Macelariu A.
PMID: 5312497 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
277: Rev Bras Anestesiol. 1968 Oct-Dec;18(4):417-23. Related Articles, Links
[Preanesthetic medication. The current concept]
[Article in Portuguese]
Ferreira AA.
Publication Types:
* Review
* Review, Tutorial
PMID: 9091964 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
278: Gig Tr Prof Zabol. 1968 Sep;12(9):37-40. Related Articles, Links
[Morphological changes in experimental animals under the effects of high, and ultrahigh frequency electromagnetic fields]
[Article in Russian]
Tolgskaia MS, Fukalova PP.
PMID: 5731625 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
279: Gig Tr Prof Zabol. 1966 Jul;10(7):13-7. Related Articles, Links
[On problems of vegetative and cardiovascular disturbances under the effects of ultra high frequency electromagnetic fields]
[Article in Russian]
Drogichina EA, Konchalovskaia NM, Glotova KV, Sadchikova MN, Snegova GV.
PMID: 5992988 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
280: Biul Inst Med Morsk Gdansk. 1966;17(3):263-6. Related Articles, Links
[Working conditions and health problems among vessel radiooperators exposed to the electromagnetic field of high frequency]
[Article in Russian]
Gorbonosova NB.
PMID: 5227026 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
281: Rum Med Rev. 1966 Jan-Mar;20(1):10-4. Related Articles, Links
Behaviour of the reticulohistiocytic elements in the central nervous system of animals with tumoural transplants.
Muresanu A, Simu G.
PMID: 5938402 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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282: Zh Nevropatol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova. 1966;66(8):1132-6. Related Articles, Links
[Change in the functions of the nervous system and several other systems of the organism under the chronic effect of high frequency radio waves]
[Article in Russian]
Tisgin NV, Uspenskaia NV.
PMID: 5991981 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
283: Patol Fiziol Eksp Ter. 1965 Nov-Dec;9(6):72-3. Related Articles, Links
[The effect of ultra-high frequency electromagnetic waves on mice with artificially changed functional state of the CNS]
[Article in Russian]
Pukhov VA.
PMID: 5873930 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
284: Med Welt. 1965 Oct 9;41:2321-8. Related Articles, Links
[On the problem of a regulatory mechanism of protein metabolism]
[Article in German]
Naumann G, Wilde J.
PMID: 5864770 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]