Pulsed electromagnetic field
therapy (PEMF Therapy) and transcranial magnetic stimulation
(TMS) / fast or slow repetitive transcranial magnetic
stimulation (rTMS) appear to mediate depression and/or
neurochemical imbalances that cause depression in a good
majority of subjects, though the effects are transient. After
all, these studies are clinical in nature, exposure sessions are
short and require dozens of trips to clinic. Even so, some
studies show benefit lasting 3-6 months post treatment.
We believe there is a better way
than blasting the brain with thousands upon thousands of Gauss
during short, limited exposure. The researchers of these studies
mistakenly believe that the only tissue affected is where
'focused' high density field is aimed. Meanwhile Anninos, Sandyk
and Jacobson proved that whole head arrays at just pico-Tesla
(10-8) at the pineal gland (thousands times less
field than we use...100's of thousands of times less field
amplitude than these rTMS studies done near motor threshold...at
motor threshold, the eyelids twitch with each pulse) for 3 hour
sessions could produce effects both immediate and cumulatively
far better than full strength clinical rTMS. We as a group feel
rTMS would be better served w/far-less field amplitude, over
much-longer daily (nightly) application in the comfort of one's
home.
Research shows that various pulsed electromagnetic field therapies (rTMS / PEMF) up-modulate certain neuroendocrine functions which
improve psychological and physiological health and wellbeing.
See Parkinson's bibliography for studies involving Dopamine and
Melatonin synthesis and the Sandyk and Anninos pages for
Parkinson's and Epilepsy specifically, Jacobson for tissue
studies using pico-Tesla fields. In 2006 momentum increased in
the field of researching rTMS / PEMF specifically against
depression and other neurological conditions and Health Canada
was very close to approving transcranial magnetic stimulation
for depression. In 2007 Canada reversed its position and
rTMS/TMS is now no closer to approval than it was several years
ago. In the United States you will wait for years, if not
decades.
Research has proven beyond any
reasonable doubt, that pulsed electromagnetic field therapy
(PEMF therapy) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
(rTMS/TMS) are absent expected or unexpected
adverse reactions.
Neuropharmacology.
2012 Jan;62(1):125-34. Epub 2011 Jul 27.
Is rTMS an
effective therapeutic strategy that can be used to treat
anxiety disorders?
Machado S, Paes F, Velasques B, Teixeira S, Piedade R, Ribeiro
P, Nardi AE, Arias-Carrión O.
Source
Panic & Respiration Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry,
Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Bioelectromagnetics.
2011 Oct 19. doi: 10.1002/bem.20714. [Epub ahead of print]
Studies on
magnetism and bioelectromagnetics for 45 years: From magnetic
analog memory to human brain stimulation and imaging.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of
Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of
Applied Quantum Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu
University, Fukuoka, Japan; Faculty of Medical Technology,
Teikyo University, Fukuoka, Japan.
Brain
Stimul. 2011 Oct;4(4):266-74. Epub 2011 Jan 22.
Differential
effects of deep TMS of the prefrontal cortex on apathy and
depression.
Levkovitz Y, Sheer A, Harel EV, Katz LN, Most D, Zangen A,
Isserles M.
Cognitive and Emotional Laboratory, Shalvata Mental Health Care
Center, Hod-Hasharon, Israel.
Pharmacol
Ther. 2011 Sep 7. [Epub ahead of print]
Transcranial
magnetic brain stimulation: Therapeutic promises and
scientific gaps.
Wassermann EM, Zimmermann T.
Prog
Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2011 Jun 1;35(4):1041-4.
Epub 2011 Feb 24.
Effectiveness
of a second deep TMS in depression: a brief report.
Rosenberg O, Isserles M, Levkovitz Y, Kotler M, Zangen A, Dannon
PN.
Source
Beer Yaakov Mental Health Center affiliated to Sackler School of
Medicine, University of Tel Aviv, Israel.
Neurocase.
2011 May 25:1-9. [Epub ahead of print]
Treatment
of auditory verbal hallucinations with transcranial magnetic
stimulation in a patient with psychotic major depression:
One-year follow-up.
Freitas C, Pearlman C, Pascual-Leone A.
Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center,
Harvard Medical School, Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive
Brain Stimulation, Division of Cognitive Neurology, Boston, MA,
USA.
Clin
Neurophysiol. 2011 May;122(5):1011-8.
The
theoretical model of theta burst form of repetitive
transcranial magnetic stimulation.
Huang YZ, Rothwell JC, Chen RS, Lu CS, Chuang WL
Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang
Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei 10507, Taiwan
J
ECT. 2011 Mar;27(1):18-25.
Safety,
tolerability, and effectiveness of high doses of adjunctive
daily left prefrontal repetitive transcranial magnetic
stimulation for treatment-resistant depression in a clinical
setting.
Hadley D, Anderson BS, Borckardt JJ, Arana A, Li X, Nahas Z,
George MS.
Brain Stimulation Laboratory, Psychiatry Department, Medical
University of South Carolina, USA
J
ECT. 2011 Mar;27(1):e12-4.
A 6-month
follow-up case report of regional cerebral blood flow changes
in treatment-resistant depression after successful treatment
with bilateral transcranial magnetic stimulation.
Kito S, Hasegawa T, Okayasu M, Fujita K, Koga Y.
Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kyorin University School of
Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
J
Neural Transm. 2011 Mar;118(3):463-71. Epub 2011 Jan 19.
Beneficial
effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
combined with cognitive training for the treatment of
Alzheimer's disease: a proof of concept study.
Bentwich J, Dobronevsky E, Aichenbaum S, Shorer R, Peretz R,
Khaigrekht M, Marton RG, Rabey JM.
Neuronix Ltd, Yokneam, Israel.
Psychiatry
Clin Neurosci. 2011 Mar;65(2):175-82. doi:
10.1111/j.1440-1819.2010.02183.x.
Neuroanatomical
correlates of therapeutic efficacy of low-frequency right
prefrontal transcranial magnetic stimulation in
treatment-resistant depression.
Kito S, Hasegawa T, Koga Y.
Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kyorin University School of
Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Top
Stroke Rehabil. 2011 Mar-Apr;18(2):87-91.
Transcranial
magnetic stimulation (TMS): potential progress for language
improvement in aphasia.
Galletta EE, Rao PR, Barrett AM.
Rehabilitation Medicine Department, Montefiore Medical Center,
Bronx, NY, USA.
Dialogues
Clin Neurosci. 2011;13(1):139-45.
Neurobiological
mechanisms of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on
the underlying neurocircuitry in unipolar depression.
Baeken C, De Raedt R.
Department of Psychiatry and Center for Neurosciences, Vrije
Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.
Expert
Rev Med Devices. 2011 Jan;8(1):85-95.
The
effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in the
treatment of depression.
Fitzgerald PB, Daskalakis ZJ.
Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, The Alfred and Monash
University School of Psychology and Psychiatry, First Floor Old
Baker Building, Commercial Road Melbourne, 3004, Victoria 3181
Australia.
Neuropsychobiology.
2011;64(3):163-9. Epub 2011 Jul 29.
Transcranial
magnetic stimulation in the management of mood disorders.
Allan CL, Herrmann LL, Ebmeier KP.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford
Hospital, Oxford, London, UK.
Tijdschr
Psychiatr. 2011;53(6):343-53.
[Transcranial
magnetic stimulation as a treatment for depression].
Schutter DJ.
Universitair Hoofddocent Verbonden aan de Afdeling
Psychologische Functieleer aan de Universiteit van Utrecht.
Encephale.
2010 Dec;36 Suppl 6:S197-201.
[Affective
disorders and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation:
Therapeutic innovations].
[Article in French]
Richieri R, Adida M, Dumas R, Fakra E, Azorin JM, Pringuey D,
Lancon C.
Pôle Universitaire de Psychiatrie, Hôpital S(te)
Marguerite, 270 bd Sainte-Marguerite, 13274 Marseille cedex 09,
France
Schizophr
Res. 2010 Dec;124(1-3):91-100.
Safety and
proof of principle study of cerebellar vermal theta burst
stimulation in refractory schizophrenia.
Demirtas-Tatlidede A, Freitas C, Cromer JR, Safar L, Ongur D,
Stone WS, Seidman LJ, Schmahmann JD, Pascual-Leone A.
Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
J
Vis Exp. 2010 Nov 12;(45). pii: 2345. doi: 10.3791/2345.
The
NeuroStar TMS device: conducting the FDA approved protocol for
treatment of depression.
Horvath JC, Mathews J, Demitrack MA, Pascual-Leone A.
Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth
Israel Deaconess Medical Center, USA.
Ann
Clin Psychiatry. 2010 Nov;22(4 Suppl 2):S4-11.
Transcranial
magnetic stimulation for major depressive disorder: a
pragmatic approach to implementing TMS in a clinical practice.
Derstine T, Lanocha K, Wahlstrom C, Hutton TM.
SunPointe Health, State College, PA, USA.
Expert
Rev Neurother. 2010 Nov;10(11):1761-72.
Transcranial
magnetic stimulation for the treatment of depression.
George MS.
Institute of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina,
502 N, 67 President St, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
Brain
Stimul. 2010 Oct;3(4):187-99. Epub 2010 Aug 11.
Durability
of clinical benefit with transcranial magnetic stimulation
(TMS) in the treatment of pharmacoresistant major depression:
assessment of relapse during a 6-month, multisite, open-label
study.
Janicak PG, Nahas Z, Lisanby SH, Solvason HB, Sampson SM,
McDonald WM, Marangell LB, Rosenquist P, McCall WV, Kimball J,
O'Reardon JP, Loo C, Husain MH, Krystal A, Gilmer W, Dowd SM,
Demitrack MA, Schatzberg AF.
Department of Psychiatry, Rush University Medical Center,
Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA.
Depress
Anxiety. 2010 Oct;27(10):960-3.
Accelerated
repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for
treatment-resistant depression.
Holtzheimer PE 3rd, McDonald WM, Mufti M, Kelley ME, Quinn S,
Corso G, Epstein CM.Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral
Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia,
USA.
Vertex.
2010 Sep-Oct;21(93):330-8.
[Transcranial
Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) and its contributions to
psychiatry].
Barel MV.
J
Clin Psychiatry. 2010 Jul;71(7):873-84. Epub 2010 Mar 9.
Should we
expand the toolbox of psychiatric treatment methods to include
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS)? A
meta-analysis of the efficacy of rTMS in psychiatric
disorders.
Slotema CW, Blom JD, Hoek HW, Sommer IE.
Center for Personality Disorders, Lijnbaan 4, The Hague, the
Netherlands
Depress
Anxiety. 2010 May;27(5):465-9.
Deep TMS
in a resistant major depressive disorder: a brief report.
Rosenberg O, Shoenfeld N, Zangen A, Kotler M, Dannon PN.
Beer Yaaakov Mental Health Center, Sackler School of Medicine
University of Tel Aviv Israel, Israel.
Actas
Esp Psiquiatr. 2010 Mar-Apr;38(2):87-93. Epub 2010 Mar 1.
Efficacy
of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in depression:
naturalistic study.
Aliño JJ, Jiménez JL, Flores SC, Alcocer MI.
Psychiatry Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos,
Madrid.
Brain
Stimul. 2009 Oct;2(4):188-200. Epub 2009 Sep 16.
Deep
transcranial magnetic stimulation over the prefrontal cortex:
evaluation of antidepressant and cognitive effects in
depressive patients.
Levkovitz Y, Harel EV, Roth Y, Braw Y, Most D, Katz LN, Sheer A,
Gersner R, Zangen A.
Shalvata Mental Health Care Center, Cognitive and Emotional
Laboratory, Hod-Hasharon, Israel.
Cortex.
2009 Oct;45(9):1035-42. Epub 2009 Mar 3.
How does
transcranial magnetic stimulation modify neuronal activity in
the brain? Implications for studies of cognition.
Siebner HR, Hartwigsen G, Kassuba T, Rothwell JC.
Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Hvidovre
University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
Exp
Neurol. 2009 Sep;219(1):2-13. Epub 2009 May 4.
Repetitive
transcranial magnetic stimulation of the prefrontal cortex in
depression.
Padberg F, George MS.
Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilian University,
Nussbaumstr. 7, 80336 Munich, Germany.
Psychiatry
Res. 2009 Aug 30;169(1):12-5. Epub 2009 Jul 23.
A study of
the effectiveness of high-frequency left prefrontal cortex
transcranial magnetic stimulation in major depression in
patients who have not responded to right-sided stimulation.
Fitzgerald PB, McQueen S, Herring S, Hoy K, Segrave R, Kulkarni
J, Daskalakis ZJ.
Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, The Alfred and Monash
University Department of Psychological Medicine, Commercial
Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004,
J
Affect Disord. 2009 Jun;115(3):386-94. Epub 2008 Nov 22.
Opposite
effects of high and low frequency rTMS on mood in depressed
patients: relationship to baseline cerebral activity on PET.
Speer AM, Benson BE, Kimbrell TK, Wassermann EM, Willis MW,
Herscovitch P, Post RM.
Biological Psychiatry Branch, NIMH, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland,
United States.
IEEE
Trans Biomed Eng. 2009 May;56(5):1512-23. Epub 2009 Feb 6.
Magnetic
stimulation and depression of mammalian networks in primary
neuronal cell cultures.
Meyer JF, Wolf B, Gross GW.
Department of Medical Electronics, Technical University of
Munich, Munich 80333, Germany
Adv
Ther. 2009 Mar;26(3):346-68. Epub 2009 Mar 28.
Cost-effectiveness
of transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of major
depression: a health economics analysis.
Simpson KN, Welch MJ, Kozel FA, Demitrack MA, Nahas Z.
Medical University of South Carolina, 67 President Street, Room
502N, Charleston, SC, 29403, USA.
Med
Lett Drugs Ther. 2009 Feb 9;51(1305):11-2.
Repetitive
transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) for
medication-resistant depression.
The FDA has cleared a new device for treatment of major
depressive disorder (MDD) resistant to antidepressant
medication. The NeuroStar TMS System (Neuronetics) produces
pulsed magnetic fields that can induce electrical currents in
the brain. Unlike electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), it does not
require anesthesia or induction of seizures. Other similar
devices are under development.
Brain
Stimul. 2009 Jan;2(1):14-21. Epub 2008 Jun 27.
Controversy:
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation or transcranial
direct current stimulation shows efficacy in treating
psychiatric diseases (depression, mania, schizophrenia,
obsessive-complusive disorder, panic, posttraumatic stress
disorder).
George MS, Padberg F, Schlaepfer TE, O'Reardon JP, Fitzgerald
PB, Nahas ZH, Marcolin MA.
Psychiatry Department, Medical University of South Carolina,
Charleston, 29425, USA.
Dev
Disabil Res Rev. 2009;15(2):94-101.
Plasticity
in the developing brain: implications for rehabilitation.
Johnston MV.
Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics and Physical Medicine and
Rehabilitation, Kennedy Krieger Institute and Johns Hopkins
University School of Medicine, 707 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD
21205, USA.
Psychopharmacol
Bull. 2009;42(2):5-38.
Clinical
significance of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in the
treatment of pharmacoresistant depression: synthesis of recent
data.
Demitrack MA, Thase ME.
Source Neuronetics, Inc.
Expert
Rev Med Devices. 2008 Sep;5(5):559-66.
Transcranial
magnetic stimulation: a device intended for the psychiatrist's
office, but what is its future clinical role?
Shah DB, Weaver L, O'Reardon JP.
TMS Laboratory, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
J
Affect Disord. 2008 Jun 20. [Epub ahead of print] Links
The
impact
of
one HF-rTMS session on mood and salivary cortisol in treatment
resistant unipolar melancholic depressed patients.
Baeken C, De Raedt R, Leyman L, Schiettecatte J, Kaufman L,
Poppe K, Vanderhasselt MA, Anckaert E, Bossuyt A.
Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital, Free University
of Brussels, UZBrussel, Belgium.
J
Clin Psychiatry. 2008 May 20:e1-e5. [Epub ahead of print] Links
An
Open-Label,
Prospective
Study of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS)
in the Long-Term Treatment of Refractory Depression:
Reproducibility and Duration of the Antidepressant Effect in
Medication-Free Patients.
Demirtas-Tatlidede A, Mechanic-Hamilton D, Press DZ, Pearlman C,
Stern WM, Thall M, Pascual-Leone A.
From the Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain
Stimulation, Harvard Medical School, and the Department of
Neurology, Behavioral Neurology Unit, Beth Israel Deaconess
Medical Center, Boston, Mass.
Psychol
Med.
2008 Apr 30:1-11. [Epub ahead of print] Links
Antidepressant
efficacy
of
high-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation over the left
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in double-blind sham-controlled
designs: a meta-analysis.
Schutter DJ.
Experimental Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The
Netherlands.
Arch
Gen Psychiatry. 2008 Mar;65(3):268-76. Links
Treatment
of
vascular
depression using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation.
Jorge RE, Moser DJ, Acion L, Robinson RG.
Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa, Room W278
General Hospital, 200 Hawkins Dr, Iowa City, IA 52242-1000, USA
J
Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2008 Winter;20(1):74-80.Links
Changes
in
regional
cerebral blood flow after repetitive transcranial magnetic
stimulation of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in
treatment-resistant depression.
Kito S, Fujita K, Koga Y.
Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kyorin University School of
Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
Neuro
Endocrinol
Lett. 2008 Feb;29(1):69-70.Links
Repetitive
transcranial
magnetic
stimulation (rTMS) in major depressive episode during
pregnancy.
Klirova M, Novak T, Kopecek M, Mohr P, Strunzova V.
Prague Psychiatric Centre, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles
University, Prague, Czech Republic
Clin
Neurophysiol. 2008 Feb;119(2):482-91. Epub 2007 Dec 11. Links
Evaluation
of
the
potential genotoxic effects of rTMS on the rat brain and
current density mapping.
de Sauvage RC, Lagroye I, Billaudel B, Veyret B.
University of Bordeaux 1, IMS Laboratory-Bioelectromagnetics
group, ENSCPB/EPHE, 16 Pey Berland Avenue, 33607 Pessac Cedex,
France
Clin Neurophysiol. 2007
Oct;118(10):2189-94. Epub 2007 Aug 21. Links
An
open
study
of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in
treatment-resistant depression with Parkinson's disease.
Epstein CM, Evatt ML, Funk A, Girard-Siqueira L, Lupei N,
Slaughter L, Athar S, Green J, McDonald W, Delong MR.
Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine,
Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
J Psychiatr Res. 2007 Oct;41(7):606-15.
Epub 2006 Apr 4. Links
Metabolic
alterations
in
the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex after treatment with
high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in
patients with unipolar major depression.
Luborzewski A, Schubert F, Seifert F, Danker-Hopfe H, Brakemeier
EL, Schlattmann P, Anghelescu I, Colla M, Bajbouj M.
Department of Psychiatry,
Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin
Franklin, Eschenallee 3, D-14050 Berlin, Germany.
Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2007 Sep
20;:1-28 [Epub ahead of print] Links
A
review of the safety of repetitive transcranial magnetic
stimulation as a clinical treatment for depression.
Loo CK, McFarquhar TF, Mitchell PB.
Black Dog Institute, Sydney, Australia.
Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2007
Sep;116(3):165-73. Links
Has
repetitive
transcranial
magnetic stimulation (rTMS) treatment for depression improved?
A systematic review and meta-analysis comparing the recent vs.
the earlier rTMS studies.
Gross M, Nakamura L, Pascual-Leone A, Fregni F.
Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo,
São Paulo, Brazil.
J Affect Disord. 2007
Sep;102(1-3):277-80. Epub 2007 Jan 9. Links
Repetitive
Transcranial
Magnetic
Stimulation (rTMS) in the treatment of panic disorder (PD)
with comorbid major depression.
Mantovani A, Lisanby SH, Pieraccini F, Ulivelli M,
Castrogiovanni P, Rossi S.
Department of Psychiatry, Division of Brain Stimulation and
Therapeutic Modulation, New York State Psychiatric Institute,
Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive, Unit 21, New York, NY
10032, USA.
Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2007 Aug
21;:1-11 [Epub ahead of print] Links
rTMS
treatment
for
depression in Parkinson's disease increases BOLD responses in
the left prefrontal cortex.
Cardoso EF, Fregni F, Martins Maia F, Boggio PS, Luis
Myczkowski M, Coracini K, Lopes Vieira A, Melo LM, Sato JR,
Antonio Marcolin M, Rigonatti SP, Cruz AC, Reis Barbosa E, Amaro
E.
NIF, LIM-44, Department of Radiology, University of São
Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
J Affect Disord. 2007 May 7; [Epub
ahead of print] Links
Modulation
of
cardiac
autonomic functions in patients with major depression treated
with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation.
Udupa K, Sathyaprabha TN, Thirthalli J, Kishore KR, Raju TR,
Gangadhar BN.
Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental
Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Hosur road, Bangalore, 560
029, India.
RESULTS: Both therapies produced comparable and significant
reduction in HDRS scores. HRV measures indicated that rTMS
produced significantly greater reduction in the sympathetic:
parasympathetic ratio suggesting improvement in sympathovagal
balance. Conventional cardiac autonomic function tests did not
differentiate the two therapy effects. CONCLUSIONS: rTMS not only produced
antidepressant effects but also ''corrected'' the autonomic
imbalance.
Clin EEG Neurosci. 2007
Apr;38(2):105-15.Links
Transcranial
and
deep
brain stimulation approaches as treatment for depression.
Rau A, Grossheinrich N, Palm U, Pogarell O, Padberg F.
Dept. of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians
University Munich, Munich, Germany.
Psychiatry Res. 2007 Mar 30;150(2):181-6.
Epub 2007 Feb 14. Links
Long-lasting
effects
of
high frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in
major depressed patients.
Bortolomasi M, Minelli A, Fuggetta G, Perini M, Comencini S,
Fiaschi A, Manganotti P.
Casa di Cura Villa S. Chiara, Verona, Italy
Encephale. 2007 Mar-Apr;33(2):126-34.
Links
[Efficacy
of
repetitive
transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in major depression:
a review]
[Article in French]
Brunelin J, Poulet E, Boeuve C, Zeroug-vial H, d'Amato T, Saoud
M.
EA 3092, UCBL, Professeur J. Daléry, CH Le Vinatier, 95
boulevard Pinel, 69677 Bron cedex.
Psychol Med. 2007 Mar;37(3):341-9. Epub
2006 Dec 19. Links
A
sham-controlled trial of the efficacy and safety of
twice-daily rTMS in major depression.
Loo CK, Mitchell PB, McFarquhar TF, Malhi GS, Sachdev PS.
School of Psychiatry, University of NSW and Black Dog Institute,
Sydney, Australia.
J Affect Disord. 2006
Oct;95(1-3):35-42. Epub 2006 Jun 15. Links
Effects
of
repetitive
transcranial magnetic stimulation on [11C]raclopride binding
and cognitive function in patients with depression.
Kuroda Y, Motohashi N, Ito H, Ito S, Takano A, Nishikawa T,
Suhara T.
Section of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Graduate School of
Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
Neurosci Lett. 2006 Sep 11;405(1-2):79-83.
Epub 2006 Jul 12. Links
Repetitive
transcranial
magnetic
stimulation protects hippocampal plasticity in an animal model
of depression.
Kim EJ, Kim WR, Chi SE, Lee KH, Park EH, Chae JH, Park SK, Kim
HT, Choi JS.
Department of Psychology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry.
2006 Jul;30(5):960-2. Epub 2006 Apr 24. Links
Repetitive
transcranial
magnetic
stimulation (rTMS) in a patient suffering from comorbid
depression and panic disorder following a myocardial
infarction.
Sakkas P, Psarros C, Papadimitriou GN, Theleritis CG, Soldatos
CR.
Athens University Medical School, Psychiatry Department,
Eginitio Hospital, 74 Vas. Sofias Avenue, Athens 11528, Greece
Pain Med. 2006 Mar-Apr;7(2):115-8.
Slow-frequency
rTMS
reduces
fibromyalgia pain.
Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, W11A, Mayo Clinic, 200
First Street SW, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
OBJECTIVE: Evidence suggests that fibromyalgia (FM) is a centrally mediated pain disorder. Antidepressants, including electroconvulsive therapy, provide some symptomatic relief in FM and other pain disorders. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a new antidepressant treatment, which may also be useful in treating chronic pain. RESULTS: Pretreatment pain averaged 8.2 (7-9.5) and reduced to 1.5 (0-3.5) after treatment (P < 0.009). All had improvement in pain, and two had complete resolution of pain.
Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry.
2006 Jul;30(5):960-2.
Repetitive
transcranial
magnetic
stimulation (rTMS) in a patient suffering from comorbid
depression and panic disorder following a myocardial
infarction.
Athens University Medical School, Psychiatry Department,
Eginitio Hospital, 74 Vas. Sofias Avenue, Athens 11528, Greece.
J Affect Disord. 2006 Jun 14;
Effects
of
repetitive
transcranial magnetic stimulation on [(11)C]raclopride binding
and cognitive function in
patients with depression.Section of
Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Graduate School of Tokyo
Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of
Molecular Neuroimaging, Molecular Imaging Center, National
Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan.
BACKGROUND: Several studies have demonstrated that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) elicits moderate antidepressant effects. Several previous studies suggested that the dopaminergic system might be related to this therapeutic action of rTMS. We attempted to determine the effects of chronic rTMS on central dopaminergic function in depression. RESULTS: In five patients, the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) significantly decreased. Patients showed significant improvement in verbal memory following rTMS. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that rTMS may be effective for the treatment of depression and also may improve verbal memory function.
J Psychiatr Res. 2006 Jun;40(4):307-14.
Epub 2005 Nov 2.
Striatal
dopamine
release
after prefrontal repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
in major depression: preliminary results of a dynamic [123I]
IBZM SPECT study. Department
of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Nussbaumstr. 7,
D-80336 Munich, Germany.
Though there is considerable evidence that prefrontal repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) exerts antidepressant effects, the neurobiological action of rTMS in patients with depression is poorly understood. Preclinical studies in animals and humans have demonstrated that prefrontal rTMS can induce dopamine release in mesostriatal and mesolimbic regions. We therefore investigated whether rTMS also modulates striatal dopaminergic neurotransmission in depressed patients. In this preliminary study, the reduction of IBZM binding observed after rTMS challenge is suggestive of a release in endogenous dopamine induced by prefrontal rTMS. In future, this approach can be used to differentiate specific and non-specific reward-related effects of rTMS on dopaminergic neurotransmission.
Australas Psychiatry. 2006 Mar;14(1):81-5.
Transcranial
magnetic
stimulation
in adolescent depression. School of
Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Australia. OBJECTIVE:
There are few safe and effective biological treatments for major
depression in adolescents. CONCLUSIONS: Repetitive transcranial
magnetic stimulation shows early promise as a treatment for
major depression in adolescents. Well-designed, sham-controlled
studies are now indicated to test the efficacy and safety of
rTMS in these patients.
J Affect Disord. 2006 Mar;91(1):83-6.
Effect
of
repetitive
transcranial magnetic stimulation on serum brain derived
neurotrophic factor in drug resistant depressed patients.
"S. Giovanni di Dio", Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy. BACKGROUND: Depression has been associated with low brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) serum levels, while antidepressant drugs appear to mend this alteration. The purpose of this study was to assess BDNF serum levels in drug resistant depressed patients before and after repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) antidepressant treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support the relationship between decreased serum BDNF and depression symptomatology and suggest a normalizing effect of rTMS antidepressant treatment.
Psychiatry Res. 2006 Jan 30;141(1):1-13.
Effect
of
low-frequency
transcranial magnetic stimulation on an affective go/no-go
task in patients with major depression: role of stimulation
site and depression severity. Bermpohl F, Fregni F, Boggio
PS, Thut G, Northoff G, Otachi PT, Rigonatti SP, Marcolin MA,
Pascual-Leone A. Harvard Center for Non-invasive Brain
Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard
Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA. Repetitive transcranial
magnetic stimulation (rTMS) holds promise as a therapeutic tool
in major depression. However, a means to assess the effects of a
single rTMS session on mood to guide subsequent sessions would
be desirable. The present study examined the effects of a single
rTMS session on an affective go/no-go task known to measure
emotional-cognitive deficits associated with major depression.
Ten patients with an acute episode of unipolar major depression
and eight partially or completely remitted (improved) patients
underwent 1 Hz rTMS over the left and right dorsolateral
prefrontal cortex prior to task performance. TMS over the mesial
occipital cortex was used as a control. We observed
significantly improved performance in depressed patients
following right prefrontal rTMS. This beneficial effect declined
with decreasing depression severity.
Am J Psychiatry. 2006 Jan;163(1):88-94.
A
randomized, controlled trial of sequential bilateral
repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for
treatment-resistant depression.
Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, the Alfred and Monash University Department of Psychological Medicine, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. The authors evaluated sequentially combined high-frequency left-side rTMS and low-frequency rTMS to the right prefrontal cortex for treatment-resistant depression. METHOD: The authors conducted a 6-week double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled trial in 50 patients with treatment-resistant depression. Three trains of low-frequency rTMS to the right prefrontal cortex of 140 seconds' duration at 1 Hz were applied daily, followed immediately by 15 trains of 5 seconds' duration of high-frequency left-side rTMS at 10 Hz. RESULTS: There was a significantly greater response to active than sham stimulation at 2 weeks and across the full duration of the study. CONCLUSIONS: Sequentially applying both high-frequency left-side rTMS and low-frequency rTMS to the right prefrontal cortex, has substantial treatment efficacy in patients with treatment-resistant major depression. The treatment response accumulates to a clinically meaningful level over 4 to 6 weeks of active treatment.
Biol Psychiatry. 2006 Jan 15;59(2):187-94.
A
controlled study of repetitive transcranial magnetic
stimulation in medication-resistant major depression.
Avery DH, Holtzheimer PE 3rd, Fawaz W, Russo J, Neumaier J,
Dunner DL, Haynor DR, Claypoole KH, Wajdik C, Roy-Byrne P.
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of
Washington School of Medicine, Harborview Medical Center,
Seattle, 98104-2499, USA. BACKGROUND: Repetitive transcranial
magnetic stimulation (TMS) as a treatment for depression has
shown statistically significant effects, but the clinical
significance of these effects has been questioned. METHODS: Each
session consisted of 32 trains of 10 Hz repetitive TMS delivered
in 5-second trains. RESULTS: The response rate for the TMS group
was 30.6% (11/35), significantly (p = .008) greater than the
6.1% (2/33) rate in the sham group. The remission rate for the
TMS group was 20% (7/35), significantly (p = .033) greater than
the 3% (1/33) rate in the sham group. CONCLUSIONS: Transcranial
magnetic stimulation can produce statistically and clinically
significant antidepressant effects in patients with
medication-resistant major depression.
Psychiatry Res. 2006 Jan 30;146(1):53-7.
High
(20-Hz)
and
low (1-Hz) frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation as
adjuvant treatment in medication-resistant depression.
Psychiatric Unit, Hospital Son Llatzer, Cc/Ctra Manacor Km 4,
Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
Studies of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in depression have found antidepressant effects when high frequency stimulation (HF-rTMS; >1 Hz) is applied over the left prefrontal cortex (LPF). A few studies have also reported success with low frequency stimulation (LF-rTMS) to the right prefrontal cortex (RPF). Both HF-rTMS and LF-rTMS have been reported to work better in areas with cerebral hypometabolism or hypermetabolism, respectively. Thirty medication-resistant patients with major depression were randomized into three groups. Comparison of the sham rTMS group with the overall group that received active rTMS revealed statistically significant changes on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression after 10 sessions. This study demonstrated that combined 20+1-Hz rTMS was effective.
Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol
Psychiatry. 2006 Jan;30(1):126-30.
A
double-blind sham controlled study of right prefrontal
repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS):
therapeutic and cognitive effect in medication free unipolar
depression during 4 weeks. Unite de recherche clinique,
EPS de Ville Evrard a Saint Denis, G03, 5 Rue du Dr Delafontaine
93200 Saint-Denis, France.
BACKGROUND: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has become a therapeutic tool in psychiatric diseases. METHODOLOGY: The objective was to evaluate the efficacy of TMS in unipolar depression: the percentage of responders (>50% HDRS reduction) and remission (HDRS score < or =8, after four weeks of active TMS treatment in depressed patients free of any antidepressive agent versus placebo-TMS. RESULTS: ANOVA comparison between TMS and sham groups was significant at day 14 and day 28 (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Our study has shown an efficacy of right rTMS in free medication unipolar depression over a month. Nevertheless, number of patients included is limited and multicentric studies will be necessary to specify the antidepressive action of TMS.
J Clin Psychiatry. 2005 Dec;66(12):1524-8.
Long-term
maintenance
therapy
for major depressive disorder with rTMS.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Ste. 4005, 3535 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. OBJECTIVE: There is growing evidence to support the short-term antidepressant effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), but few published data pertain to the maintenance treatment of patients with DSM-IV-diagnosed major depressive disorder who have responded acutely to rTMS. We describe long-term maintenance therapy for major depressive disorder with rTMS. METHOD: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation was applied in 10 adults over the left prefrontal cortex at 100% of motor threshold, most often at a frequency of 10 Hz for sessions consisting of 40 trains at 5 seconds per train (2000 pulses per session), for periods ranging from 6 months to 6 years. Session frequency averaged 1 to 2 per week. The study was conducted in the TMS lab of an academic medical center. RESULTS: Seven of the 10 subjects experienced either marked or moderate benefit, which was sustained without the addition of concomitant antidepressant medication in 3 cases. There were no serious adverse events reported by any participant. The seizure rate for the 1831 reported rTMS sessions was zero. CONCLUSIONS: These data, while open label, suggest that maintenance rTMS may be a safe and effective treatment modality in some patients with unipolar depression. Further research into the long-term safety and efficacy of rTMS is warranted.
Cogn Behav Neurol. 2005 Dec;18(4):223-7.
The
effects
of
repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on
procedural memory and dysphoric mood in patients with major
depressive disorder. Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,
USA.
OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of depression and treatment with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on sequence learning. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that rTMS over a 2-week period improves performance on tasks of response speed and procedural memory in patients with MDD. These cognitive effects are greater in those patients who showed a significant antidepressant effect.
Psychiatry Res. 2005 Nov 15;137(1-2):1-10.
Transcranial
magnetic
stimulation
in treatment-resistant depressed patients: a double-blind,
placebo-controlled trial.
Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Vita-Salute University, San Raffaele Hospital, via Stamira d'Ancona 20, Milan 20127, This 5-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of Fifty-four patients were randomly assigned to receive 10 daily applications of either real or sham rTMS. Subjects assigned to receive active stimulation were divided into two further subgroups according to the intensity of stimulation: 80% vs. 100% of motor threshold (MT).Response rates were 61.1% (n=11), 27.8% (n=5) and 6.2% (n=1) for 100% MT group, 80% MT group and sham group. Treatment response appeared to be unrelated to the demographic and clinical characteristics recorded, and on the whole the technique was well tolerated. The results of this double-blind trial showed that rTMS may be a useful and safe adjunctive treatment for drug-resistant depressed patients.
Ann Clin Psychiatry. 2005
Jul-Sep;17(3):153-9.
Low
frequency
rTMS
stimulation of the right frontal cortex is as effective as
high frequency rTMS stimulation of the left frontal cortex
for antidepressant-free, treatment-resistant depressed
patients. Department of Psychiatry, Washington
University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
BACKGROUND: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)
is a promising relatively non-invasive alternative for the
treatment of depression. The purpose of this study was to
compare the apparent effectiveness of high frequency (20 Hertz)
rTMS applied over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
(DLPFC) with that of low frequency (1 Hz) rTMS applied over the
right The treatment response rate found (32%) was typical of
other response rates reported in the literature (6,30).
One-month follow-up data was obtained from 50% of participants.
At 1-month follow-up, no significant differences were noted as
compared to patients' performance at last visit, indicating
moderate robustness of rTMS treatment over time. Furthermore,
magnetic stimulation did not substantially alter patient memory
over the course of treatment. CONCLUSION: rTMS given at low
frequency over the right frontal cortex appears to be as
effective treatment of refractory depression as high frequency
treatment over the left frontal cortex.
Harvard Gazette January 22, 2004
Depressed
Get
Lift
from MRI
William J. Cromie
Harvard N PMID: 16633208 [PubMed - in process]ews Office
Biomed Sci Instrum.
2003;39:466-70.
Autoradiographic
evaluation
of
electromagnetic field effects on serotonin (5HT1A)
receptors in rat brain.
Johnson MT, McCullough J, Nindl G, Chamberlain JK.
Terre Haute Center for Medical Education, Indiana
University School of Medicine, Terre Haute, IN 47809, USA.
Brain Cogn 2002 Dec;50(3):366-86
Transcranial
magnetic
stimulation:
Neurophysiological applications and safety.
Anand S, Hotson J.
Department of Biological Sciences, San Jose State
University, One Washington Square, 95192-0100, San Jose, CA,
USA
Biol Psychiatry 2002 Dec
1;52(11):1057-65
Chronic
psychosocial
stress
and concomitant repetitive transcranial magnetic
stimulation: effects on stress hormone levels and adult
hippocampal neurogenesis.
Czeh B, Welt T, Fischer AK, Erhardt A, Schmitt W, Muller
MB, Toschi N, Fuchs E, Keck ME.
The German Primate Center, Division of Neurobiology, (BC,
AKF, EF), Gottingen, Germany
J ECT 2002 Dec;18(4):170-81
Mechanisms
and
state
of the art of transcranial magnetic stimulation.
George MS, Nahas Z, Kozel FA, Li X, Denslow S, Yamanaka K,
Mishory A, Foust MJ, Bohning DE.
Neuropsychopharmacology 2002
Oct;27(4):638-45
Repetitive
transcranial
magnetic
stimulation (rTMS) in major depression: relation between
efficacy and stimulation intensity.
Padberg F, Zwanzger P, Keck ME, Kathmann N, Mikhaiel P,
Ella R, Rupprecht P, Thoma H, Hampel H, Toschi N, Moller HJ.
Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilian University,
Munich, Germany
J Pharm Pharmacol 2002
Oct;54(10):1299-321
Melatonin:
reducing
the
toxicity and increasing the efficacy of drugs.
Reiter RJ, Tan DX, Sainz RM, Mayo JC, Lopez-Burillo S.
University of Texas Health Science Center, Department of
Cellular and Structural Biology, MC 7762, 7703 Floyd Curl
Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA.
Hum Psychopharmacol 2002
Oct;17(7):353-6
Combining
high
and
low frequencies in rTMS antidepressive treatment:
preliminary results.
Conca A, Di Pauli J, Beraus W, Hausmann A, Peschina W,
Schneider H, Konig P, Hinterhuber H.
Departments of Psychiatry I and II, Regional Hospital, 6830
Rankweil, Austria.
J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci
2002 Summer;14(3):270-6
Repetitive
transcranial
magnetic
stimulation treatment of comorbid posttraumatic stress
disorder and major depression.
Rosenberg PB, Mehndiratta RB, Mehndiratta YP, Wamer A,
Rosse RB, Balish M.
Mental Health Service Line, Department of Veterans Affairs
Medical Center, Washington, DC 20422, USA.
Chang Gung Med J 2002
Jul;25(7):424-36
Transcranial
magnetic
stimulation
and its applications in children.
Lin KL, Pascual-Leone A.
Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical
Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115,
Neuropharmacology 2002
Jul;43(1):101-9
Repetitive
transcranial
magnetic
stimulation increases the release of dopamine in the
mesolimbic and mesostriatal system.
Keck ME, Welt T, Muller MB, Erhardt A, Ohl F, Toschi N,
Holsboer F, Sillaber I.
Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstrasse 2-10,
80804, Munich, Germany.
Am J Psychiatry 2002
Jul;159(7):1093-102
Slow
transcranial
magnetic
stimulation, long-term depotentiation, and brain
hyperexcitability disorders.
Hoffman RE, Cavus I.
Yale-New Haven Psychiatric Hospital, Yale University School
of Medicine, LV 108, 20 York Street, New Haven, CT 06504,
USA
Neurology 2002 Apr
23;58(8):1288-90
Improved
executive
functioning
following repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation.
Moser DJ, Jorge RE, Manes F, Paradiso S, Benjamin ML,
Robinson RG.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa College of
Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52240, USA.
Biol Psychiatry 2002 Apr
15;51(8):659-67
Repetitive
transcranial
magnetic
stimulation versus electroconvulsive therapy for major
depression: preliminary results of a randomized trial.
Janicak PG, Dowd SM, Martis B, Alam D, Beedle D, Krasuski
J, Strong MJ, Sharma R, Rosen C, Viana M.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at
Chicago, 1601 W Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
Biol Psychiatry 2002 Apr
15;51(8):687-90
Three
and
six-month
outcome following courses of either ECT or rTMS in a
population of severely depressed individuals--preliminary
report.
Dannon PN, Dolberg OT, Schreiber S, Grunhaus L.
Psychiatry Division, ECT-TMS Unit, Chaim Sheba Medical
Center, 52621 Tel Hashomer, Israel.
Encephale 2002
Mar-Apr;28(2):169-75
[Transcranial
magnetic
stimulation
in depression]
[Article in French]
Saba G, Januel D, Glikman J.
Psychiatre, assistant, Unite de Recherche clinique, Secteur
III, Service du docteur Glikman, EPS de Ville Evrard, 5, rue
du Docteur Delafontaine, 93200 Saint-Denis, France.
Life Sci 2002 Mar 1;70(15):1741-9
Sleep
deprivation
in
depression stabilizing antidepressant effects by
repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation.
Eichhammer P, Kharraz A, Wiegand R, Langguth B, Frick U,
Aigner JM, Hajak G.
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of
Regensburg, Germany.
Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2002
Mar;5(1):73-103
Neuropsychiatric
applications
of
transcranial magnetic stimulation: a meta analysis.
Burt T, Lisanby SH, Sackeim HA.
Department of Biological Psychiatry, New York State
Psychiatric Institute, New York, USA
Wien Klin Wochenschr 2002 Mar
28;114(5-6):181-6
[Transcranial
magnetic
stimulation
(TMS)--from diagnostic procedure to therapy]
[Article in German]
Quiner S, Letmaier M, Barnas C, Heiden A, Kasper S.
Universitatsklinik fur Neuropsychiatrie des Kindes- und
Jugendalters, Wien.
Srp Arh Celok Lek 2001
Sep-Oct;129(9-10):235-8
[Effect
of
slow
repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on depression
in patients with Parkinson 's disease]
[Article in Serbo-Croatian (Cyrillic)]
Potrebic A, Dragasevic N, Svetel M, Kostic VS.
Institute of Psychiatry, Clinical Centre of Serbia,
Belgrade.
Psychopharmacol Bull 2001
Autumn;35(4):149-69
A
meta-analysis of repetitive transcranial magnetic
stimulation in the treatment of depression.
Holtzheimer PE 3rd, Russo J, Avery DH.
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,
University of Washington Medical Center, Harborview Medical
Center, 325 Ninth Avenue, Box 359896, Seattle, WA 98104,
USA.
J Psychiatr Res 2001
Jul-Aug;35(4):193-215
Transcranial
magnetic
stimulation
as a therapeutic tool in psychiatry: what do we know about
the neurobiological mechanisms?
Post A, Keck ME.
Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstrasse 2-10,
D-80804 Munich, Germany.
Clin Neurophysiol 2001
Aug;112(8):1367-77
Therapeutic
application
of
repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation: a review.
Wassermann EM, Lisanby SH.
Brain Stimulation Unit, National Institute of Neurological
Disorders and Stroke, 10 Center Drive MSC 1428, Bethesda, MD
20892-1428, USA.
Biol Psychiatry 2001 Jul
1;50(1):22-7
Acute
mood
and
thyroid stimulating hormone effects of transcranial
magnetic stimulation in major depression.
Szuba MP, O'Reardon JP, Rai AS, Snyder-Kastenberg J,
Amsterdam JD, Gettes DR, Wassermann E, Evans DL.
University of Pennsylvania, Department of Psychiatry,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
Biol Psychiatry 2001 Jul
1;50(1):22-7
Acute
mood
and
thyroid stimulating hormone effects of transcranial
magnetic stimulation in major depression.
Szuba MP, O'Reardon JP, Rai AS, Snyder-Kastenberg J,
Amsterdam JD, Gettes DR, Wassermann E, Evans DL.
University of Pennsylvania, Department of Psychiatry,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
Neuropsychopharmacology 2001
Apr;24(4):337-49
Neuroendocrine
and
behavioral
effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in
a psychopathological animal model are suggestive of
antidepressant-like effects.
Keck ME, Welt T, Post A, Muller MB, Toschi N, Wigger A,
Landgraf R, Holsboer F, Engelmann M.
Srp Arh Celok Lek 2001
Jan-Feb;129(1-2):1-4
[Effect
of
slow
repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on depression
in patients with Parkinson disease]
[Article in Serbo-Croatian (Cyrillic)]
Potrebic A, Dragasevic N, Svetel M, Kostic VS.
Institute of Psychiatry, Clinical Centre of Serbia,
Belgrade.
Neuropsychopharmacology 2000
Aug;23(2):205-15
Long-term
repetitive
transcranial
magnetic stimulation increases the expression of
brain-derived neurotrophic factor and cholecystokinin
mRNA, but not neuropeptide tyrosine mRNA in specific areas
of rat brain.
Muller MB, Toschi N, Kresse AE, Post A, Keck ME.
Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.
J Psychiatr Res 2000
Jul-Oct;34(4-5):265-76
Repetitive
transcranial
magnetic
stimulation induces active coping strategies and
attenuates the neuroendocrine stress response in rats.
Keck ME, Engelmann M, Muller MB, Henniger MS, Hermann B,
Rupprecht R, Neumann ID, Toschi N, Landgraf R, Post A.
Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 2-10,
80804, Munich, Germany.
Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2000
Jun;3(2):129-134
Comparison
of
unlimited
numbers of rapid transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)
and ECT treatment sessions in major depressive episode.
Pridmore S, Bruno R, Turnier-Shea Y, Reid P, Rybak M.
Ugeskr Laeger 2000 Apr 17;162(16):2310-3
[Repetitive
transcranial
magnetic
stimulation. A method in the treatment of depressions]
[Article in Danish]
Hansen PE.
Arhus Universitetshospital, Psykiatrisk Hospital i Arhus,
Forskningsafdeling for Affektive Sygdomme
Biol Psychiatry 2000 Feb
15;47(4):314-24
Repetitive
transcranial
magnetic
stimulation is as effective as electroconvulsive therapy
in the treatment of nondelusional major depressive
disorder: an open study.
Grunhaus L, Dannon PN, Schreiber S, Dolberg OH, Amiaz R,
Ziv R, Lefkifker E.
Psychiatry Division, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan,
Israel.
Biol Psychiatry 1999 Dec
15;46(12):1603-13
Frequency
dependence
of
antidepressant response to left prefrontal repetitive
transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) as a function of
baseline cerebral glucose metabolism.
Kimbrell TA, Little JT, Dunn RT, Frye MA, Greenberg BD,
Wassermann EM, Repella JD, Danielson AL, Willis MW, Benson
BE, Speer AM, Osuch E, George MS, Post RM.
Biological Psychiatry Branch, National Institutes of
Health, Bethesda, Maryland, Psychiatry Department,
University of Arkansas, Little Rock, USA.
Eur J Neurosci 1999
Sep;11(9):3247-54
Repetitive
transcranial
magnetic
stimulation in rats: evidence for a neuroprotective effect
in vitro and in vivo.
Post A, Muller MB, Engelmann M, Keck ME.
Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.
Biol Psychiatry 1999 Jun
1;45(11):1440-6
Effects
of
left
frontal transcranial magnetic stimulation on depressed
mood, cognition, and corticomotor threshold.
Triggs WJ, McCoy KJ, Greer R, Rossi F, Bowers D, Kortenkamp
S, Nadeau SE, Heilman KM, Goodman WK.
Human Motor Physiology Laboratory, University of Florida
Health Science Center, Gainesville 32610-0236, USA.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1999
Apr;56(4):315-20
Therapeutic
efficacy
of
right prefrontal slow repetitive transcranial magnetic
stimulation in major depression: a double-blind controlled
study.
Klein E, Kreinin I, Chistyakov A, Koren D, Mecz L, Marmur
S, Ben-Shachar D, Feinsod M.
Department of Psychiatry, Rambam Medical Center,
Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa.
J Clin Psychiatry 1999
Jan;60(1):50-2
Safety
and
feasibility
of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in the
treatment of anxious depression in pregnancy: a case
report.
Nahas Z, Bohning DE, Molloy MA, Oustz JA, Risch SC, George
MS.
Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South
Carolina, Charleston 29425, USA.
Depress Anxiety 1998;7(2):65-8
Preliminary
evidence
for
a beneficial effect of low-frequency, repetitive
transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with major
depression and schizophrenia.
Feinsod M, Kreinin B, Chistyakov A, Klein E.
Department of Psychiatry, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa,
Israel.
Am J Psychiatry 1997
Dec;154(12):1752-6
Mood
improvement
following
daily left prefrontal repetitive transcranial magnetic
stimulation in patients with depression: a
placebo-controlled crossover trial.
George MS, Wassermann EM, Kimbrell TA, Little JT, Williams
WE, Danielson AL, Greenberg BD, Hallett M, Post RM.
Biological Psychiatry Branch, NIMH, Bethesda, MD 20892,
USA.
Aust N Z J Psychiatry 1997
Apr;31(2):264-72
Transcranial
magnetic
stimulation
as therapy for depression and other disorders.
Kirkcaldie MT, Pridmore SA, Pascual-Leone A.
Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of
Tasmania, Hobart, Australia.
Lancet 1996 Jul 27;348(9022):233-7
Rapid-rate
transcranial
magnetic
stimulation of left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in
drug-resistant depression.
Pascual-Leone A, Rubio B, Pallardo F, Catala MD.
Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidad de Valencia, Spain.
Neuroreport 1995 Oct
2;6(14):1853-6
Daily
repetitive
transcranial
magnetic stimulation (rTMS) improves mood in depression.
George MS, Wassermann EM, Williams WA, Callahan A, Ketter
TA, Basser P, Hallett M, Post RM.
Biological Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental
Health, Charleston, SC, USA.
Arch Med Res 1995
Summer;26(2):185-9
The
influence
of
pulsed electrical stimulation on the wound healing of
burned rat skin.
Castillo E, Sumano H, Fortoul TI, Zepeda A.
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of
Veterinary Medicine, National Autonomous University of
Mexico, Mexico, D.F.