Pulsed electromagnetic field research has proven PEMF's are capable of equal or better results than conventional therapies and invasive procedures under the same circumstances, without side effects, pain, expense and risk of complications; succeeding even where conventional and invasive therapies have failed.
If you've got fibromyalgia pain or migraine headaches, PEMF is the answer to your prayers and we've rarely seen it fail. Another failure by the medical mainstream to pay attention to some very thought provoking research.
Clin Plast Surg. 1985
Apr;12(2):259-77.
The development and
application of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) for
ununited fractures and arthrodeses.
Bassett CA.
CARL BASSET PREDATES AND MENTORED
ROBERT O. BECKER IN THE FIELD OF ELECTRIC STIMULATION OF BONE
AND OTHER TISSUES. BY ABOUT 20 YEARS! HE WAS ENDING HIS CAREER
AS BECKER BEGAN HIS REGENERATION STUDIES. THIS BASSETT
STUDY PRETTY MUCH SAYS IT ALL; AND IF TO BE BELIEVED,
INDICATES A CARPETBAGGING OF PEMF BY THE FDA. WE KNOW FIRST
HAND PEMF STIMULATION 12 HOURS PER DAY TO FRESH FRACTURES SHORTENS HEALING BY 2/3RDS.
YES, HEALED IN 1/3RD THE TIME. WE'VE BEEN TOLD BY TWO
ORTHOPEDICS "THIS 86 YEAR OLD HEALED AS FAST AS A 16 YEAR OLD"
AND BY ANOTHER "I'VE NEVER SEEN BONE FORMATION THIS FAST IN MY
CAREER AS AN ORTHOPEDIC SURGEON".
This article deals with
the rational and practical use of surgically noninvasive pulsed
electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) in treating ununited fractures,
failed arthrodeses, and congenital pseudarthroses (infantile
nonunions). The method is highly effective (more than 90 per
cent success) in adult patients when used in conjunction with
good management techniques that are founded on biomechanical
principles. When union fails to occur with PEMFs alone after
approximately four months, their proper use in conjunction with
fresh bone grafts insures a maximum failure rate of 1 to 1.5 per
cent. Union occurs because the weak electric currents induced in
tissues by the time-varying fields effect calcification of the
fibrocartilage in the fracture gap, thereby setting the stage
for the final phases of fracture healing by endochondral
ossification. The efficacy, safety, and simplicity of the method
has prompted its use by the majority of orthopedic surgeons in
this country. In patients with delayed union three to four
months postfracture, PEMFs appear to be more successful and
healing, generally, is more rapid than in patients managed by
other conservative methods. For more challenging problems such
as actively infected nonunions, multiple surgical failures,
long-standing (for example, more than two years postfracture)
atrophic lesions, failed knee arthrodeses after removal of
infected prostheses, and congenital pseudarthroses, success can
be expected in a large majority of patients in whom PEMFs are
used. Finally, as laboratory studies have expanded knowledge of
the mechanisms of PEMF action, it is clear that different pulses
affect different biologic processes in different ways. Selection
of the proper pulse for a given pathologic entity has begun to
be governed by rational processes similar, in certain respects,
to those applied to pharmacologic agents.
J Oral
Maxillofac Surg. 2011 Jun;69(6):1708-17. Epub 2011 Feb 1.
Effect of
pulsed electromagnetic field on healing of mandibular fracture:
a preliminary clinical study.
Abdelrahim A, Hassanein HR, Dahaba M.
Source
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Cairo University
Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo, Egypt.
Osteoporos
Int. 2011 Jun;22(6):1885-95. Epub 2010 Oct 26.
The
preventive effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields on diabetic
bone loss in streptozotocin-treated rats.
Jing D, Cai J, Shen G, Huang J, Li F, Li J, Lu L, Luo E, Xu Q.
Source
Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical
University, 17 West Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, China.
Int Orthop.
2011 Jan;35(1):143-8. Epub 2010 Mar 26.
Pulsed
electromagnetic field therapy results in healing of full
thickness articular cartilage defect.
Boopalan PR, Arumugam S, Livingston A, Mohanty M, Chittaranjan S.
Source
Department of Orthopaedics Unit 3, Christian Medical College,
Vellore, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
J Orthop Sci.
2010 Sep;15(5):661-5. Epub 2010 Oct 16.
Noninvasive
up-regulation of angiopoietin-2 and fibroblast growth factor-2
in bone marrow by pulsed electromagnetic field therapy.
Goto T, Fujioka M, Ishida M, Kuribayashi M, Ueshima K, Kubo T.
Source
Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science,
Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-chou,
Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
BMC
Musculoskelet Disord. 2010 Aug 23;11:188.
Stimulation
of osteogenic differentiation in human osteoprogenitor cells by
pulsed electromagnetic fields: an in vitro study.
Jansen JH, van der Jagt OP, Punt BJ, Verhaar JA, van Leeuwen JP,
Weinans H, Jahr H.
Source
Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO
Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Clin Orthop
Relat Res. 2010 Aug;468(8):2260-77. Epub 2010 Apr 13.
Effects of
pulsed electromagnetic fields on human osteoblastlike cells
(MG-63): a pilot study.
Sollazzo V, Palmieri A, Pezzetti F, Massari L, Carinci F.
Source
Istituto di Clinica Ortopedica Università di Ferrara, Corso
Giovecca 203, 44100 Ferrara, Italy.
Connect Tissue
Res. 2010;51(1):1-7.
Effects of
pulsed electromagnetic fields on the mRNA expression of RANK and
CAII in ovariectomized rat osteoclast-like cell.
Chen J, He HC, Xia QJ, Huang LQ, Hu YJ, He CQ.
Source
Department of Rehabilitation, West China Hospital, Sichuan
University, Chengdu, China.
Angle Orthod.
2010 May;80(3):498-503.
Comparison
of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound and pulsed electromagnetic
field treatments on OPG and RANKL expression in human
osteoblast-like cells.
Borsje MA, Ren Y, de Haan-Visser HW, Kuijer R.
Source
Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre Groningen,
University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
Bioelectromagnetics.
2010 Feb;31(2):113-9.
Pulsed
electromagnetic fields stimulation affects BMD and local factor
production of rats with disuse osteoporosis.
Shen WW, Zhao JH.
Source
Department of Orthopaedics, Third Affiliated Daping Hospital,
Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University,
Chongqing, PR China.
Int Orthop.
2010 Mar;34(3):437-40. Epub 2009 May 22.
Comparative
study of the use of electromagnetic fields in patients with
pseudoarthrosis of tibia treated by intramedullary nailing.
Cebrián JL, Gallego P, Francés A, Sánchez P,
Manrique E, Marco F, López-Durán L.
Source
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital Clínico San
Carlos, Madrid, Spain
Bioelectromagnetics.
2009 Sep;30(6):423-30.
Effects of
pulsed electromagnetic stimulation on patients undergoing hip
revision prostheses: a randomized prospective double-blind
study.
Dallari D, Fini M, Giavaresi G, Del Piccolo N, Stagni C, Amendola
L, Rani N, Gnudi S, Giardino R.
Source
VII Division of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Rizzoli Orthopaedic
Institute, Bologna, Italy.
J Orthop Res.
2009 Sep;27(9):1169-74.
Modulation
of osteogenesis in human mesenchymal stem cells by specific
pulsed electromagnetic field stimulation.
Tsai MT, Li WJ, Tuan RS, Chang WH.
Source
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian
University, Chung-Li City, Taiwan.
Bioelectromagnetics.
2009 May;30(4):251-60.
Effect of
pulsed electromagnetic field on the proliferation and
differentiation potential of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem
cells.
Sun LY, Hsieh DK, Yu TC, Chiu HT, Lu SF, Luo GH, Kuo TK, Lee OK,
Chiou TW.
Source
Department of Life Science and Graduate Institute of
Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan,
Republic of China.
Bioelectromagnetics.
2009 Apr;30(3):189-97.
Osteoblasts
stimulated with pulsed electromagnetic fields increase HUVEC
proliferation via a VEGF-A independent mechanism.
Hopper RA, VerHalen JP, Tepper O, Mehrara BJ, Detch R, Chang EI,
Baharestani S, Simon BJ, Gurtner GC.
Source
Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
98105, USA
Indian J
Orthop. 2009 Jan;43(1):17-21.
Biophysical
stimulation in osteonecrosis of the femoral head.
Leo M, Milena F, Ruggero C, Stefania S, Giancarlo T.
Acta Odontol
Latinoam. 2008;21(1):77-83.
Pulsed
electromagnetic fields as adjuvant therapy in bone healing and
peri-implant bone formation: an experimental study in rats.
Grana DR, Marcos HJ, Kokubu GA.
Source
Cátedra de Patología I, Escuela de
Odontología Asociación Odontológica
Argentina, Universidad del Salvador, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Bioelectromagnetics. 2008
Jul;29(5):406-9. Links
Pulsed
electromagnetic
fields
induced
femoral metaphyseal bone thickness changes in the rat.
Márquez-Gamiño S, Sotelo F, Sosa M, Caudillo C,
Holguín G, Ramos M, Mesa F, Bernal J, Córdova T.
Instituto de Investigación Sobre el Trabajo,
Universidad de Guanajuato, León, Gto., México
Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2008
May;466(5):1068-73. Epub 2008 Mar 19. Links
Electromagnetic
fields:
a
novel
prophylaxis for steroid-induced osteonecrosis.
Ishida M, Fujioka M, Takahashi KA, Arai Y, Kubo T.
Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical
Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465
Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
J Orthop Res. 2008
May;26(5):631-42. Links
Cartilage
repair
with
osteochondral
autografts in sheep: effect of biophysical stimulation with
pulsed electromagnetic fields.
Benazzo F, Cadossi M, Cavani F, Fini M, Giavaresi G, Setti S,
Cadossi R, Giardino R.
Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic, University of Pavia,
IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy.
Spine J. 2008
May-Jun;8(3):436-42. Epub 2007 Jul 17. Links
Randomized,
prospective,
and
controlled
clinical trial of pulsed electromagnetic field stimulation
for cervical fusion.
Foley KT, Mroz TE, Arnold PM, Chandler HC Jr, Dixon RA,
Girasole GJ, Renkens KL Jr, Riew KD, Sasso RC, Smith RC, Tung
H, Wecht DA, Whiting DM.
Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health
Science Center and Semmes-Murphey Neurologic and Spine
Institute, Memphis, Tennessee 38104, USA.
J Orthop Res. 2008 Apr 10.
[Epub ahead of print] Links
Pulsed
electromagnetic
fields
enhance
BMP-2 dependent osteoblastic differentiation of human
mesenchymal stem cells.
Schwartz Z, Simon BJ, Duran MA, Barabino G, Chaudhri R, Boyan
BD.
Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia
Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, Georgia
30332.
Electromagn Biol Med.
2007;26(3):167-77. Links
Effects
of
different
extremely
low-frequency electromagnetic fields on osteoblasts.
Zhang X, Zhang J, Qu X, Wen J.
Department of Physics, Fourth Military Medical University,
Shanxi, China.
Bioelectromagnetics. 2007
Oct;28(7):519-28. Links
Pulsed
electromagnetic
fields
affect
osteoblast proliferation and differentiation in bone tissue
engineering.
Tsai MT, Chang WH, Chang K, Hou RJ, Wu TW.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian
University, Chung-Li, Taiwan.
J Orthop Res. 2007
Sep;25(9):1213-20. Links
Effects
of
BMP-2
and
pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) on rat primary
osteoblastic cell proliferation and gene expression.
Selvamurugan N, Kwok S, Vasilov A, Jefcoat SC, Partridge
NC.
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, UMDNJ--Robert Wood
Johnson Medical School, 675 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, New Jersey
08854, USA.
J Orthop Res. 2007
Jul;25(7):933-40. Links
Pulsed
electromagnetic
fields
rapidly
modulate intracellular signaling events in osteoblastic
cells: comparison to parathyroid hormone and insulin.
Schnoke M, Midura RJ.
Department of Biomedical Engineering and The Orthopaedic
Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, ND20, Cleveland
Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.
Biomed Pharmacother. 2007 Apr
3. [Epub ahead of print] Links
Effect
of
pulsed
electromagnetic
field stimulation on knee cartilage, subchondral and
epyphiseal trabecular bone of aged Dunkin Hartley guinea
pigs.
Fini M, Torricelli P, Giavaresi G, Aldini NN, Cavani F, Setti
S, Nicolini A, Carpi A, Giardino R.
Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, Research Institute
Codivilla-Putti, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna,
Italy.
Knee Surg Sports Traumatol
Arthrosc. 2007 Feb 28; [Epub ahead of print] Links
Effects
of
pulsed
electromagnetic
fields on patients' recovery after arthroscopic surgery:
prospective, randomized and double-blind study.
"Sacro Cuore Don Calabria" Hospital, Via don A. Sempreboni 5,
37024, Negrar (Vr), Italy.
Severe joint inflammation following trauma, arthroscopic surgery
or infection can damage articular cartilage, thus every effort
should be made to protect cartilage from the catabolic effects
of pro-inflammatory cytokines and stimulate cartilage anabolic
activities. Previous pre-clinical studies have shown that pulsed
electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) can protect articular cartilage
from the catabolic effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and
prevent its degeneration, finally resulting in
chondroprotection. These findings provide the rational to
support the study of the effect of PEMFs in humans after
arthroscopic surgery. The purpose of this pilot, randomized,
prospective and double-blind study was to evaluate the effects
of PEMFs in patients undergoing arthroscopic treatment of knee
cartilage. Patients with knee pain were recruited and treated by
arthroscopy with chondroabrasion and/or perforations and/or
radiofrequencies. All patients were instructed to use PEMFs for
90 days, 6 h per day. Patients were interviewed for the
long-term outcome 3 years after arthroscopic surgery. Thirty-one
patients completed the treatment. KOOS values at 45 and 90 days
were higher in the active group and the difference was
significant at 90 days (P < 0.05). The percentage of patients
who used NSAIDs was 26% in the active group and 75% in the
control group (P = 0.015). At 3 years follow-up, the number of
patients who completely recovered was higher in the active group
compared to the control group (P < 0.05).
Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2007
Feb;15(2):163-8. Epub 2006 Aug 14. Links
Proteoglycan
synthesis
in
bovine
articular cartilage explants exposed to different
low-frequency low-energy pulsed electromagnetic fields.
Department of Morphology and Embryology, University of Ferrara,
44100 Ferrara, Italy.
Ann Readapt Med Phys. 2007 Jan
2; [Epub ahead of print] Links
[Are
SPA
therapy
and
pulsed electromagnetic field therapy effective for chronic
neck pain? Randomised clinical trial First part: clinical
evaluation.]
Centre de recherche rhumatologique et thermal, BP 234, 73102
Aix-les-Bains cedex, France.
J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2006
Nov;88 Suppl 3:56-60. Links
Biophysical
stimulation
with
pulsed
electromagnetic fields in osteonecrosis of the femoral head.
Department of Biomedical Sciences and Advanced Therapies,
Orthopaedic Clinic, University of Ferrara, Corso della Giovecca,
44100 Ferrara, Italy.
Altern Ther Health Med. 2006
Sep-Oct;12(5):42-9. Links
Regenerative
effects
of
pulsed
magnetic field on injured peripheral nerves.
Department of Biophysics, University of Cukurova School of
Medicine, Adana, Turkey.
Previous studies confirm that pulsed magnetic field (PMF)
accelerates functional recovery after a nerve crush lesion. The
contention that PMF enhances the regeneration is still
controversial, however. The influence of a new PMF application
protocol (trained PMF) on nerve regeneration was studied in a
model of crush injury of the sciatic nerve of rats. To determine
if exposure to PMF influences regeneration, we used
electrophysiological recordings and ultrastructural
examinations. After the measurements of conduction velocity, the
sucrose-gap method was used to record compound action potentials
(CAPs) from sciatic nerves. PMF treatment during the 38 days
following the crush injury enhanced the regeneration. Although
the axonal ultrastructures were generally normal, slight to
moderate myelin sheath degeneration was noted at the lesion
site. PMF application for 38 days accelerated nerve conduction
velocity, increased CAP amplitude and decreased the time to peak
of the CAP. Furthermore, corrective effects of PMF on. the
abnormal characteristics of sensory nerve fibers were
determined. Consequently, long-periodic trained-PMF may promote
both morphological and electrophysiological properties of the
injured nerves. In addition, corrective effects of PMF on
sensory fibers may be considered an important finding for
neuropathic pain therapy.
J Hand Surg [Am]. 2006
Sep;31(7):1131-5. Links
Pulsed
magnetic
field
therapy
increases tensile strength in a rat Achilles' tendon repair
model.
Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Albert
Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx,
NY 10461, USA.
PURPOSE: To examine the effect of pulsing electromagnetic fields
on the biomechanic strength of rat Achilles' tendons at 3 weeks
after transection and repair. RESULTS: In the animals receiving
PMF exposure, an increase in tensile strength of up to 69% was
noted at the repair site of the rat Achilles' tendon at 3 weeks
after transection and repair compared with nonstimulated control
animals. If similar effects occur in humans, rehabilitation
could begin earlier and the risk of developing adhesions or
rupturing the tendon in the early postoperative period could be
reduced.
Eur J Histochem. 2006
Jul-Sep;50(3):199-204. Links
Stimulation
of
osteoblast
growth
by an electromagnetic field in a model of bone-like construct.
Department of Experimental Medicine, Histology and Embryology
Unit, via Forlanini 10, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
Pain Res Manag. 2006
Summer;11(2):85-90.Exposure
to
a
specific
pulsed low-frequency magnetic field: a double-blind
placebo-controlled study of effects on pain ratings in
rheumatoid arthritis and fibromyalgia patients.
Lawson Health Research Institute, St. Joseph's Health Care,
London, Ontario N6A 4V2.
BACKGROUND: Specific pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) have been shown to induce analgesia (antinociception) in rodents and healthy human volunteers. OBJECTIVE: The effect of specific PEMF exposure on pain and anxiety ratings was investigated in two patient populations. DESIGN: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled parallel design was used. METHOD: The present study investigated the effects of an acute 30 min magnetic field exposure. CONCLUSION: These findings provide some initial support for the use of PEMF exposure in reducing pain in chronic pain populations and warrants continued investigation into the use of PEMF exposure for short-term pain relief.
Ultrasound Med Biol. 2006
May;32(5):769-75.Click here to read Links
Comparison
of
ultrasound
and
electromagnetic field effects on osteoblast growth.
Center for Nano Bioengineering, Chung Yuan Christian University,
Chung Li, Taiwan, Republic of China.
This study compares the mechanisms of ultrasound (US) on osteoblast proliferation with those of pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF), by different signal transduction pathway inhibitors. The cells were stimulated for 15 min under US or for 2 h under PEMF exposure. Twenty-four h after the beginning of stimulation, the cells were harvested and used for mitochondrial activity test (MTT) analysis. The results showed that there are different transduction pathways for US and PEMF stimulation that lead to an upgrade of osteoblast proliferation, although their pathways all lead to an increase in cytocolic Ca2+ and activation of calmodulin. These findings offer a biochemical mechanism to support the process of ultrasound and PEMF-induced enhanced healing of bone fractures.
J Int Med Res. 2006
Mar-Apr;34(2):160-7.
Efficacy
of
pulsed
electromagnetic
therapy for chronic lower back pain: a randomized,
double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
Lee PB, Kim YC, Lim YJ, Lee CJ, Choi SS, Park SH, Lee JG, Lee
SC.
Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National
University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
studied the effectiveness of pulsed electromagnetic therapy
(PEMT) in patients with chronic lower back pain. In conclusion,
PEMT reduced pain and disability and appears to be a
potentially useful therapeutic tool for the conservative
management of chronic lower back pain.
Rheumatol Int. 2006
Feb;26(4):320-4. Epub 2005 Jun 29.
The
effect
of
pulsed
electromagnetic fields in the treatment of cervical
osteoarthritis: a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled
trial.
Sutbeyaz ST, Sezer N, Koseoglu BF.
Ankara Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Education and
Research Hospital, Turk ocagi S No: 3 Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of
electromagnetic field therapy (PEMF) on pain, range of motion
(ROM) and functional status in patients with cervical
osteoarthritis (COA). Pain levels in the PEMF group decreased
significantly after therapy (p<0.001), but no change was
observed in the placebo group. The active ROM,
paravertebral muscle spasm and neck pain and disability scale
(NPDS) scores improved significantly after PEMF therapy
(p<0.001) but no change was observed in the sham group. The
results of this study are promising, in that PEMF treatment
may offer a potential therapeutic adjunct to current COA
therapies in the future.
J Orthop Res. 2006
Jan;24(1):2-10.
Effect
of
pulsed
electromagnetic
fields on maturation of regenerate bone in a rabbit limb
lengthening model.
Taylor KF, Inoue N, Rafiee B, Tis JE, McHale KA, Chao EY.
Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Walter Reed Army
Medical Center, 6900 Georgia Avenue NW, Washington, DC
20307-5001, USA.
J Rehabil Med. 2005
Nov;37(6):372-7.
Ice
and
pulsed
electromagnetic
field to reduce pain and swelling after distal radius
fractures.
Cheing GL, Wan JW, Kai Lo S.
Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic
University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
Acta Orthop Belg. 2005
Oct;71(5):571-6.
Pulsed
electromagnetic
stimulation
of
regenerate bone in lengthening procedures.
Luna Gonzalez F, Lopez Arevalo R, Meschian Coretti S, Urbano
Labajos V, Delgado Rufino B.
Servicio de Traumatologia, Hospital Clinico Universitario
"Virgen de la Victoria", Malaga, Spain. glupsnif@hotmail.com
Distraction osteogenesis for limb lengthening represents the
treatment of choice in patients with small stature or limb
length discrepancies. Bone lengthening and callus formation
requires a long therapy. Pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF)
are normally used to enhance osteogenesis in patients with
non-unions. In this study we investigated whether pulsed
electromagnetic fields could be used effectively to encourage
callus formation and maturation during limb lengthening
procedures. Thirty patients underwent bilateral bone lengthening
of the humerus, femur or tibia. At day 10 after surgery, PEMF stimulation was started on one
side, for 8 hours/day. Stimulated distraction sites
exhibited earlier callus formation and progression, and a higher
callus density compared to non-stimulated sites. External fixation could be removed
on average one month earlier in PEMF stimulated bones.
Our results show that the use of pulsed electromagnetic fields
stimulation during limb lengthening allows shortening the time
of use of the external fixation.
J Orthop Res. 2005
Jul;23(4):899-908. Epub 2005 Mar 17.
Pulsed
electromagnetic
fields
reduce
knee osteoarthritic lesion progression in the aged Dunkin
Hartley guinea pig.
Fini M, Giavaresi G, Torricelli P, Cavani F, Setti S, Cane V,
Giardino R.
Department of Experimental Surgery, Codivilla-Putti Research
Institute, Rizzoli Institute of Orthopaedics, Via di Barbiano,
1/10, 40136
An experimental in vivo study was performed to test if the
effect of Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields (PEMFs) on chondrocyte
metabolism and adenosine A2a agonist activity could have a
chondroprotective effect on the knee of Dunkin Hartley
guinea-pigs of 12 months with spontaneously developed
osteoarthritis (OA). After a pilot study, 10 animals were
randomly divided into two groups: PEMF-treated group (6 h/day
for 3 months) and Sham-treated group. The PEMF-treated
animals showed a significant reduction of chondropathy
progression in all knee examined areas. The present study results show that
PEMFs preserve the morphology of articular cartilage and slow
the progression of OA lesions in the knee of aged
osteoarthritic guinea pigs. The chondroprotective effect of
PEMFs was demonstrated not only in the medial tibial plateau
but also on the entire articular surface of the knee.
Z Orthop Ihre Grenzgeb.
2005 Sep-Oct;143(5):544-50.
[Adjuvant
treatment
of
knee
osteoarthritis with weak pulsing magnetic fields. Results of a
placebo-controlled trial prospective clinical trial]
[Article in German] Fischer G, Pelka RB, Barovic J.Institut fur
Hygiene an der Universitat Graz, Osterreich.
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was the objective control of the
therapeutic effect of weak pulsing magnetic fields (series of
periodically repeating square pulses increasing according to an
e-function, frequencies of 10, 20, 30, and 200-300 Hz) by means
of a double-blind study on osteoarthritis of the knee. Measured
parameters were the Knee Society score, pain sensation, blood
count and cardiocirculatory values. METHODS: 36 placebo and 35
verum test persons (all with a knee gap smaller than 3 mm) were
exposed daily for 16 minutes over 6 weeks to a low frequency
magnetic field (flux densities increasing gradually from 3.4 up
to 13.6 microT) encompassing the whole body. The last data
collection was made 4 weeks after the end of treatment. RESULTS:
Principally, the statistically ensured results exclusively
favour the used magnetic field therapy; by far the greatest
number of at least significant differences was found at the end
of the whole treatment, lasting 6 weeks. In particular, it is
striking that all 4 questioned pain scales showed at least
significant improvements in favour of the verum collective; also
the walking distance was increased. As another confirmed fact,
even after 4 weeks without therapy the persistence of several
functional and analgesic effects could be documented.
CONCLUSIONS: Predominantly, on the one hand, pain relief in
osteoarthritis patients was confirmed by a double-blind trial,
on the other hand, increases in mobility could be proven.
Furthermore, we describe mainly the modes of action of low
frequency magnetic energy and 3 physical concepts that are seen
as the connecting link between electromagnetic fields coupled
into connective tissue and biochemical repair and growth
processes in bones and cartilage. Proceeding from the results of
this and preceding studies, one has to consider seriously
whether this kind of magnetic field application should not be
employed as cost-effective and side effect-free alternative or
adjuvant form of therapy in the field of orthopaedic disorders.
J Neurosurg Spine. 2005
Jan;2(1):3-10.Links
Oscillating
field
stimulation
for
complete spinal cord injury in humans: a phase 1 trial.
Shapiro S, Borgens R, Pascuzzi R, Roos K, Groff M, Purvines S,
Rodgers RB, Hagy S, Nelson P.
Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Indiana University
Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
J Orthop Res. 2004
Sep;22(5):1086-93.
Bone
mass
is
preserved
in a critical-sized osteotomy by low energy pulsed
electromagnetic fields as quantitated by in vivo
micro-computed tomography.
Ibiwoye MO, Powell KA, Grabiner MD, Patterson TE, Sakai Y,
Zborowski M, Wolfman A, Midura RJ.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute
of The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, ND20, 9500 Euclid Avenue,
Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
The effectiveness of non-invasive pulsed electromagnetic fields
(PEMF) on stimulating bone formation in vivo to augment fracture
healing is still controversial, largely because of technical
ambiguities in data interpretation within several previous
studies. To address this uncertainty, we implemented a
rigorously controlled, blinded protocol using a bilateral,
mid-diaphyseal fibular osteotomy model in aged rats that
achieved a non-union status within 3-4 weeks post-surgery.
Bilateral osteotomies allowed delivery of a PEMF treatment
protocol on one hind limb, with the contralateral limb
representing a within-animal sham-treatment. Bone volumes in
both PEMF-treated and sham-treated fibulae were assessed
simultaneously in vivo using highly sensitive, high-resolution
micro-computed tomography (microCT) over the course of
treatment. We found a
significant reduction in the amount of time-dependent bone
volume loss in PEMF-treated, distal fibular segments as
compared to their contralateral sham-treated bones. Osteotomy
gap size was significantly smaller in hind limbs exposed to
PEMF over sham-treatment. Therefore, our data demonstrate
measurable biological consequences of PEMF exposure on in vivo
bone tissue.
South Med J. 2004
May;97(5):519-24.Links
Reversal
of
delayed
union
of anterior cervical fusion treated with pulsed
electromagnetic field stimulation: case report.
Mackenzie D, Veninga FD.
Department of Surgery, Medical Center of Plano, Plano, TX, USA.
J Foot Ankle Surg. 2004
Mar-Apr;43(2):93-6.
The
effect
of
pulsed
electromagnetic fields on hindfoot arthrodesis: a prospective
study.
Dhawan SK, Conti SF, Towers J, Abidi NA, Vogt M.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Interfaith Medical Center,
Brooklyn, NY 11213, USA.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pulsed
electromagnetic fields in a consecutive series of 64 patients
undergoing hindfoot arthrodesis (144 joints). All patients who
underwent elective triple/subtalar arthrodesis were randomized
into control and pulsed electromagnetic field study groups.
Subjects in the study group had an external pulsed
electromagnetic fields device applied over the cast for 12 hours
a day. Radiographs were taken pre- and postoperatively until
radiographic union occurred. A senior musculoskeletal
radiologist, blinded to the treatment scheme, evaluated the
radiographic parameters. The average time to radiographic union
in the control group was 14.5 weeks in 33 primary subtalar
arthrodeses. There were 4 nonunions. The study group consisted
of 22 primary subtalar arthrodeses and 5 revisions. The average time to radiographic
union was 12.9 weeks (P =.136). The average time to fusion of
the talonavicular joint in the control group was 17.6 weeks in
19 primary procedures. In the pulsed electromagnetic fields
group of 20 primary and 3 revision talonavicular arthrodeses,
the average time to radiographic fusion was 12.2 weeks (P
=.003). For the 21 calcaneocuboid arthrodeses in control
group, the average time to radiographic fusion was 17.7 weeks;
it was 13.1 weeks (P =.010) for the 19 fusions in the study
group. This study suggests that, if all parameters are
equal, the adjunctive use of a pulsed electromagnetic field in
elective hindfoot arthrodesis may increase the rate and speed of
radiographic union of these joints.
Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc.
2003;37(5):410-3.
[The
efficacy
of
pulsed
electromagnetic fields used alone in the treatment of femoral
head osteonecrosis: a report of two cases]
[Article in Turkish] Seber S, Omeroglu H, Cetinkanat H, Kose N.
Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Medicine Faculty of
Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey.
Long-term radiologic and clinical results of pulsed
electromagnetic fields (PEMF) are presented with illustration of
two patients having Ficat-Arlet grade 2 osteonecrosis of the
femoral head. One patient (female, age 33 years) had bilateral
involvement due to systemic steroid use, the other (male, age 39
years) had right-sided involvement of unknown etiology. Surgical
treatment was ruled out because of aplastic anemia associated
with significant thrombocyte deficiency in the first patient,
while the other refused surgery. Pulsed electromagnetic fields
were applied as the sole treatment modality in three hips for
six months with a duration of 10 hours daily (at nights). At the
end of 12-year- and five-year-follow-ups, respectively, clinical
improvement was observed in all hips, with no radiologic
deterioration. It is concluded that application of PEMF
stimulation alone may be an alternative treatment modality in
patients in whom surgical treatment cannot be performed for
femoral head osteonecrosis, in particular Ficat-Arlet grade 1
and 2 disease.
Spine. 2003 Dec
15;28(24):2660-6. Links
Exposure
to
pulsed
magnetic
fields enhances motor recovery in cats after spinal cord
injury.
Crowe MJ, Sun ZP, Battocletti JH, Macias MY, Pintar FA, Maiman
DJ.
Neuroscience Research Laboratories, The Clement J. Zablocki VA
Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI 53295, USA.
Effects
of
different
intensities
of extremely low frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields on
formation of osteoclast-like cells.
Chang K, Chang WH, Wu ML, Shih C.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung-Yuan Christian
University, Chung-Li, Taiwan, Republic of China.
J Pediatr Orthop. 2003
Jul-Aug;23(4):478-83.
Effects
of
pulsed
electromagnetic
field stimulation on distraction osteogenesis in the rabbit
tibial leg lengthening model.
Fredericks DC, Piehl DJ, Baker JT, Abbott J, Nepola JV.
Bone Healing Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic
Surgery, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
52242, USA.
The purpose of this study was to determine whether exposure to
pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) would shorten the healing
time of regenerate bone in a rabbit tibial distraction model.
Beginning 1 day after surgery, mid-shaft tibial osteotomies,
stabilized with external fixators, were distracted 0.25 mm twice
daily for 21 days and received either no exposure (sham control)
or 1 hour per day exposure to low-amplitude, low-frequency PEMF.
Tibiae were tested for torsional strength after 9, 16, and 23
days post-distraction. PEMF-treated tibiae were significantly
stronger than shams at all three time points. By 16 days post-distraction, the
PEMF group had achieved biomechanical strength essentially
equivalent to intact bone. Shams did not achieve normal
biomechanical strength even after 23 days post-distraction. In
this tibial distraction model, short daily PEMF exposures
accelerated consolidation of regenerate bone.
Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2003
Jun;11(6):455-62.
Modification
of
osteoarthritis
by
pulsed electromagnetic field--a morphological study.
Ciombor DM, Aaron RK, Wang S, Simon B.
Department of Orthopaedics, Brown Medical School, Providence, RI
02906, USA.
Wien Klin Wochenschr 2002 Aug
30;114(15-16):678-84
Pulsed
magnetic
field
therapy
for osteoarthritis of the knee--a double-blind sham-controlled
trial.
Nicolakis P, Kollmitzer J, Crevenna R, Bittner C, Erdogmus CB,
Nicolakis J.
Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University
of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
BACKGROUND AND METHODS: Pulsed magnetic field therapy is
frequently used to treat the symptoms of osteoarthritis,
although its efficacy has not been proven. We conducted a
randomized, double-blind comparison of pulsed magnetic field and
sham therapy in patients with symptomatic osteoarthritis of the
knee. CONCLUSION: In patients with symptomatic osteoarthritis of
the knee, PMF treatment can reduce impairment in activities of
daily life and improve knee function.
NeuroRehabilitation 2002;17(1):63-7
Evaluation
of
electromagnetic
fields
in the treatment of pain in patients with lumbar
radiculopathy or the whiplash syndrome.
Thuile Ch, Walzl M.
International Society of Energy Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
NeuroRehabilitation 2002;17(1):9-22
Physical
mechanisms
in
neuroelectromagnetic
therapies.
Liboff AR, Jenrow KA.
Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI
48309, USA.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev.
2002;(1):CD003523.
Electromagnetic
fields
for
the
treatment of osteoarthritis.
Hulme J, Robinson V, DeBie R, Wells G, Judd M, Tugwell P.
Cochrane Collaborating Center, Center for Global Health,
Institute of Population Health - University of Ottawa, 1
Stewart Street, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1N 6N5.
J Med Eng Technol. 2002
Nov-Dec;26(6):253-8.
Comparison
between
the
analgesic
and therapeutic effects of a musically modulated
electromagnetic field (TAMMEF) and those of a 100 Hz
electromagnetic field: blind experiment on patients
suffering from cervical spondylosis or shoulder
periarthritis.
Rigato M, Battisti E, Fortunato M, Giordano N.
Department of Physics, Section of Medical Physics University
of Sienna, Italy
Bull Exp Biol Med. 2002
Sep;134(3):248-50.
Effect
of
bioresonance
therapy
on antioxidant system in lymphocytes in patients with
rheumatoid arthritis.
Islamov BI, Balabanova RM, Funtikov VA, Gotovskii YV,
Meizerov EE.
Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian
Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia.
Changes in the lymphocyte antioxidant system indicate that
bioresonance therapy activates nonspecific protective
mechanisms in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Wien Klin Wochenschr 2002 Aug
30;114(15-16):678-84
Pulsed
magnetic
field
therapy
for osteoarthritis of the knee--a double-blind
sham-controlled trial.
Nicolakis P, Kollmitzer J, Crevenna R, Bittner C, Erdogmus
CB, Nicolakis J.
Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, AKH Wien,
University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Altern Ther Health Med 2001
Sep-Oct;7(5):54-64, 66-9
Low-amplitude,
extremely
low
frequency
magnetic fields for the treatment of osteoarthritic knees: a
double-blind clinical study.
Jacobson JI, Gorman R, Yamanashi WS, Saxena BB, Clayton L.
Institute of Theoretical Physics and Advanced Studies for
Biophysical Research
JOrthop Res 2002 Sep;20(5):1106-14
Effect
of
pulsed
electromagnetic
fields (PEMF) on late-phase osteotomy gap healing in a
canine tibial model.
Inoue N, Ohnishi I, Chen D, Deitz LW, Schwardt JD, Chao EY.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins
University, Baltimore, MD 21205-2196, USA.
Altern Ther Health Med 2002
Jul-Aug;8(4):50-5
Effects
of
static
magnets
on chronic knee pain and physical function: a double-blind
study.
Hinman MR, Ford J, Heyl H.
Department of Physical Therapy, University of Texas Medical
Branch, Galveston, USA.
J Orthop Res 2002 Jul;20(4):756-63
The
effect
of
pulsed
electromagnetic fields on the osteointegration of
hydroxyapatite implants in cancellous bone: a morphologic
and microstructural in vivo study.
Fini M, Cadossi R, Cane V, Cavani F, Giavaresi G, Krajewski
A, Martini L, Aldini NN, Ravaglioli A, Rimondini L, Torricelli
P, Giardino R.
Bioelectromagnetics 2002
Jul;23(5):398-405
Effects
of
pulsed
electromagnetic
field (PEMF) stimulation on bone tissue like formation are
dependent on the maturation stages of the osteoblasts.
Diniz P, Shomura K, Soejima K, Ito G.
Department of Orthodontics, Kagoshima University Dental
School, Kagoshima, Japan.
Calcif Tissue Int 2002 Jun;70(6):496-502
In
vivo
and
in
vitro effects of a pulsed electromagnetic field on net
calcium flux in rat calvarial bone.
Spadaro JA, Bergstrom WH.
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical
University, Syracuse, New York 13210, USA.
Curr Med Res Opin 2001;17(3):190-6
Magnetic
pulse
treatment
for
knee osteoarthritis: a randomised, double-blind,
placebo-controlled study.
Pipitone N, Scott DL.
Rheumatology Department, King's College Hospital (Dulwich),
London, UK.
Hawaii Med J 2001 Nov;60(11):288, 300
The
use
of
pulsed
electromagnetic fields (PEMF) in osteoarthritis (OA) of the
knee preliminary report.
Danao-Camara T, Tabrah FL.
Division of Internal Medicine Subspecialities, Straub Clinic
& Hospital, USA.
Can J Psychiatry 2001 Oct;46(8):720-7
Transcranial
magnetic
stimulation
in
the treatment of mood disorder: a review and comparison with
electroconvulsive therapy.
Hasey G.
Regional Mood Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry,
McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Psychol Med 2001 Oct;31(7):1141-6
Transcranial
magnetic
stimulation
for
depression and other psychiatric disorders.
McNamara B, Ray JL, Arthurs OJ, Boniface S.
Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Addenbrooke's
Hospital, Cambridge.
Adv Ther 2001 Jan-Feb;18(1):12-20
Outcomes
after
posterolateral
lumbar
fusion with instrumentation in patients treated with
adjunctive pulsed electromagnetic field stimulation.
Bose B.
Medical Center of Delaware, Newark, USA.
J Nippon Med Sch 2000 Jun;67(3):198-201
A
case of congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia treated with
pulsing electromagnetic fields. 17-year follow-up.
Ito H, Shirai Y, Gembun Y.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nippon Medical School,
Tokyo, Japan.
Bioelectromagnetics 2000
May;21(4):272-86
Directed
and
enhanced
neurite
growth with pulsed magnetic field stimulation.
Macias MY, Battocletti JH, Sutton CH, Pintar FA, Maiman DJ.
Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin,
Milwaukee, WI, USA.
Plast Reconstr Surg 2000
Apr;105(4):1371-4
Effects
of
pulsed
magnetic
energy on a microsurgically transferred vessel.
Roland D, Ferder M, Kothuru R, Faierman T, Strauch B.
Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery at the
Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
Adv Ther 2000 Mar-Apr;17(2):57-67
Spine
fusion
for
discogenic
low back pain: outcomes in patients treated with or without
pulsed electromagnetic field stimulation.
Marks RA.
Richardson Orthopaedic Surgery, Texas 75080, USA.
Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2000
Feb;26(1):51-62, viii
Electromagnetic
fields
and
magnets.
Investigational treatment for musculoskeletal disorders.
Trock DH.
Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut,
USA.
J Neurotrauma. 1999
Jul;16(7):639-57.Links
An
imposed
oscillating
electrical
field improves the recovery of function in neurologically
complete paraplegic dogs.
Borgens RB, Toombs JP, Breur G, Widmer WR, Waters D, Harbath
AM, March P, Adams LG.
Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary
Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907,
USA.
Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 1999
Apr;25(1):6-10
Pulsed
electromagnetic
fields
for
the treatment of bone fractures.
Satter Syed A, Islam MS, Rabbani KS, Talukder MS.
Industrial Physics Division, BCSIR Laboratories, Dhaka.
J Hand Surg [Br] 1999 Feb;24(1):56-8
The
effect
of
pulsed
electromagnetic fields on flexor tendon healing in chickens.
Robotti E, Zimbler AG, Kenna D, Grossman JA.
Miami Children's Hospital, USA.
J Neurosci Res 1999 Jan 15;55(2):230-7
Electromagnetic
fields
influence
NGF
activity and levels following sciatic nerve transection.
Longo FM, Yang T, Hamilton S, Hyde JF, Walker J, Jennes L,
Stach R, Sisken BF.
Department of Neurology, UCSF/VAMC, San Francisco,
California, USA.
J Indian Med Assoc 1998 Sep;96(9):272-5
A
study of the effects of pulsed electromagnetic field therapy
with respect to serological grouping in rheumatoid
arthritis.
Ganguly KS, Sarkar AK, Datta AK, Rakshit A.
National Institute for the Orthopaedically Handicapped
(NIOH), Calcutta.
Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1997
Apr;78(4):399-404
Pulsed
magnetic
and
electromagnetic
fields in experimental achilles tendonitis in the rat: a
prospective randomized study.
Lee EW, Maffulli N, Li CK, Chan KM.
Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Chinese
University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New
Territories, Hong Kong.
Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg
1997;12(1):43-53
Effects
of
static
magnetic
and pulsed electromagnetic fields on bone healing.
Darendeliler MA, Darendeliler A, Sinclair PM.
Discipline of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University
of Sydney, Australia.
Medicina (B Aires) 1996;56(1):41-4
[Effect
of
magnetic
fields
on skin wound healing. Experimental study]
[Article in Spanish]
Patino O, Grana D, Bolgiani A, Prezzavento G, Merlo A.
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Salvador, Buenos Aires.
J Burn Care Rehabil 1996 Nov-Dec;17(6 Pt
1):528-31
Pulsed
electromagnetic
fields
in
experimental cutaneous wound healing in rats.
Patino O, Grana D, Bolgiani A, Prezzavento G, Mino J, Merlo
A, Benaim F.
Department of Postgraduate Reconstructive and Plastic
Surgery, Universidad del Salvador and Fundacion del Quemado.
Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1997
Apr;78(4):399-404
Pulsed
magnetic
and
electromagnetic
fields in experimental achilles tendonitis in the rat: a
prospective randomized study.
Lee EW, Maffulli N, Li CK, Chan KM.
Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Chinese
University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New
Territories, Hong Kong.
Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg
1997;12(1):43-53
Effects
of
static
magnetic
and pulsed electromagnetic fields on bone healing.
Darendeliler MA, Darendeliler A, Sinclair PM.
Discipline of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University
of Sydney, Australia.
Medicina (B Aires) 1996;56(1):41-4
[Effect
of
magnetic
fields
on skin wound healing. Experimental study]
[Article in Spanish]
Patino O, Grana D, Bolgiani A, Prezzavento G, Merlo A.
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Salvador, Buenos Aires.
J Burn Care Rehabil 1996 Nov-Dec;17(6 Pt
1):528-31
Pulsed
electromagnetic
fields
in
experimental cutaneous wound healing in rats.
Patino O, Grana D, Bolgiani A, Prezzavento G, Mino J, Merlo
A, Benaim F.
Department of Postgraduate Reconstructive and Plastic
Surgery, Universidad del Salvador and Fundacion del Quemado.
Clin Rheumatol 1996 Jul;15(4):325-8
Therapy
with
pulsed
electromagnetic
fields in aseptic loosening of total hip protheses: a
prospective study.
Konrad K, Sevcic K, Foldes K, Piroska E, Molnar E.
Orszagos Reumatologiai es Fizioterapias Intezet, Budapes,
Hungary.
J Burn Care Rehabil 1996 Nov-Dec;17(6 Pt
1):528-31
Pulsed
electromagnetic
fields
in
experimental cutaneous wound healing in rats.
Patino O, Grana D, Bolgiani A, Prezzavento G, Mino J, Merlo
A, Benaim F.
Department of Postgraduate Reconstructive and Plastic
Foot Ankle Int 1994 Oct;15(10):552-6
Treatment
of
delayed
unions
and nonunions of the proximal fifth metatarsal with pulsed
electromagnetic fields.
Holmes GB Jr.
University Orthopaedics, Rush Medical School, Chicago,
Illinois.
Rheumatol 1994 Oct;21(10):1903-11
The
effect
of
pulsed
electromagnetic fields in the treatment of osteoarthritis of
the knee and cervical spine. Report of randomized, double
blind, placebo controlled trials.
Trock DH, Bollet AJ, Markoll R.
Department of Medicine, Danbury Hospital, CT.
Exp Neurol 1994 Feb;125(2):302-5
Enhancement
of
functional
recovery
following a crush lesion to the rat sciatic nerve by
exposure to pulsed electromagnetic fields.
Walker JL, Evans JM, Resig P, Guarnieri S, Meade P, Sisken
BS.
Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Kentucky
College of Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Crippled Children,
Lexington.
Bioelectromagnetics 1993;14(4):353-9
Pretreatment
of
rats
with
pulsed electromagnetic fields enhances regeneration of the
sciatic nerve.
Kanje M, Rusovan A, Sisken B, Lundborg G.
Department of Animal Physiology, University of Lund, Sweden.
J Cell Biochem 1993 Apr;51(4):387-93
Beneficial
effects
of
electromagnetic
fields.
Bassett CA.
Bioelectric Research Center, Columbia University, Riverdale,
New York 10463.
J Rheumatol 1993 Mar;20(3):456-60
A
double-blind trial of the clinical effects of pulsed
electromagnetic fields in osteoarthritis.
Trock DH, Bollet AJ, Dyer RH Jr, Fielding LP, Miner WK,
Markoll R.
Department of Medicine (Rheumatology), Danbury Hospital, CT
06810.
Plast Reconstr Surg 1991 Jan;87(1):122-9
A
multivariate approach to the treatment of peripheral nerve
transection injury: the role of electromagnetic field
therapy.
Zienowicz RJ, Thomas BA, Kurtz WH, Orgel MG.
University of Massachusetts Medical School, Berkshire Medical
Center, Pittsfield.
J Orthop Res 1990 Mar;8(2):276-82
Effect
of
low
frequency
pulsing electromagnetic fields on skin ulcers of venous
origin in humans: a double-blind study.
Ieran M, Zaffuto S, Bagnacani M, Annovi M, Moratti A, Cadossi
R.
Department of Medical Angiology, Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova,
Reggio Emilia, Italy.
J Bone Miner Res 1990 May;5(5):437-42
Bone
density
changes
in
osteoporosis-prone women exposed to pulsed electromagnetic
fields (PEMFs).
Tabrah F, Hoffmeier M, Gilbert F Jr, Batkin S, Bassett CA.
University of Hawaii School of Medicine, Straub Clinic and
Hospital, Honolulu.
Biochim Biophys Acta 1989 Jun
26;982(1):9-14
Effects
of
pulsed
electromagnetic
fields on rat skin metabolism.
De Loecker W, Delport PH, Cheng N.
Afdeling Biochemie, Katholieke Universiteit te Leuven,
Belgium.
Brain Res 1989 Apr 24;485(2):309-16
Stimulation
of
rat
sciatic
nerve regeneration with pulsed electromagnetic fields.
Sisken BF, Kanje M, Lundborg G, Herbst E, Kurtz W.
Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky,
Lexington 40506.
Bioelectromagnetics 1988;9(1):53-62
Effects
of
pulsed
extremely-low-frequency
magnetic fields on skin wounds in the rat.
Ottani V, De Pasquale V, Govoni P, Franchi M, Zaniol P,
Ruggeri A.
Istituto di Anatomia Umana Normale, Bologna, Italy.
J UOEH 1988 Mar 1;10(1):31-45
The
effect
of
long-term
pulsing electromagnetic field stimulation on experimental
osteoporosis of rats.
Mishima S.
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine,
University of Occupational and Environmental Health,
Kitakyushu, Japan.
J Hand Surg [Br] 1984 Jun;9(2):105-12
An
experimental
study
of
the effects of pulsed electromagnetic field (Diapulse) on
nerve repair.
Raji AM.
Clin Orthop 1983 Dec;(181):283-90
Effect
of
weak,
pulsing
electromagnetic fields on neural regeneration in the rat.
Ito H, Bassett CA.
J Bone Joint Surg Br 1983
Aug;65(4):478-92
Effects
of
high-peak
pulsed
electromagnetic field on the degeneration and regeneration
of the common peroneal nerve in rats.
Raji AR, Bowden RE